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Pliny ( 77–79) enumerated a group of tribes through which the Don River ( Tanais) crossed, in which the Spalaei are last mentioned.Pliny, Natural History, 6.7. He mentioned the conquerors of the Napaei as the Palaei (6, 50), while in another chapter (6, 22) says that it was the three Scythian tribes of Auchetae, Athernei and Asampatae that defeated them. It is believed that the Spalaei and Palaei are one and the same. Diodorus (2, 43) reported that the Spalaei/Palaei/Pali were descendants of Scythian king Palus, the son of Scythes. The mythical origin and chapter '6, 22' suggests that the Spalaei/Palaei/Pali was a "collective designation of the eastern branch of Royal Scythians". By examinating Pliny and Diodorus, the Auchetae (or Euchatae) were part of the Spalaei/Palaei/Pali. Herodotus ( 440 BC) stated that the Scythians or Scoloti consisted of the Auchatae (descending from Lipoxais), Catiaroi and Traspies (from Arpoxais), and Paralatae (from Colaxais), the latter which was "the youngest of them, the royal race".Herodotus, & Francis R. B. Godolphin. (1973). Herodotus: On the Scythians. The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, 32(5), 129–149. https://doi.org/10.2307/3269235 Tadeusz Sulimirski believed that they were a branch of the Roxolani. Sulimirski attributed Sarmatians archaeology on the mid-Dnieper to the tribe, supported by the Sarmatians' downfall after the Goths invasion in 200 AD. The "Royal Scythian" connection is supported by Indo-Parthian royal names Spalirisos, Spalyris, Spalahora, and the Slavic word ispolin, spolin ("giant"), assumed to date back to when Early Slavs were ruled by the Spalaei. Francis Dvornik (1893–1975) believed that the Sporoi mentioned by Procopius (500–560) as being the old name of the Antes and Sclaveni were probably the Spali mentioned by Jordanes ( 551) and Spalei mentioned by Pliny.
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