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A skyway, skybridge, skywalk, or sky walkway is an elevated type of connecting two or more buildings in an , or connecting elevated points within mountainous recreational zones. Urban skyways very often take the form of or covered that protect pedestrians from the weather. Open-top modern skyways in mountains now often have glass bottoms. Sometimes enclosed urban skywalks are made almost totally from glass, including ceilings, walls and floors. Also, some urban skyways function strictly as linear parks designed for walking.

In North America skyways are usually owned by businesses, and are therefore not as compared with . However, in Asia, such as Bangkok's and Hong Kong's skywalks, they are built and owned separately by the city government, connecting between privately run rail stations or other transport with their own footbridges, and run many kilometers. Skyways usually connect on the first few floors above the ground-level floor, though they are sometimes much higher, as in the . The space in the buildings connected by skyways is often devoted to retail business, so areas around the skyway may operate as a . Non-commercial areas with closely associated buildings, such as campuses, can often have skyways and/or connecting buildings.

The world's largest discontinuous skyway network – Calgary, Alberta, Canada's "+15 Walkway" system – has a total length of . The Minneapolis Skyway System is the world's largest continuous system and spans connecting 80 blocks in downtown , Minnesota, United States.

On a smaller scale, of large are often connected by skywalk systems, as at Manchester Airport, United Kingdom; in many airports, retractable provide a direct connection between airplanes and terminals.

Some cities have the equivalent of a skyway underground, and there are also mixed subway–skyway systems; see .


Early examples


Environmental factors
Besides pedestrian safety and convenience, the chief reasons assigned by urban planners for skywalk development are decrease of traffic congestion, reduction in vehicular air pollution and separation of people from . A number of cities (for example, Spokane, Washington) have given intricate analysis to skywalk systems employing computer models to optimize skywalk layout. Carbon monoxide dispersion analysis in downtown Spokane, , Sunnyvale, (1973)


Negative impacts
There is debate about the negative impact on urban areas of skyways. Robertson (1988) noted the negative impacts to street activities, and reductions to the property value at ground level. Woo (2012) found that skywalk systems could be negatively associated with promoting consumerism. Cui (2015) called for more research into the impact of skyways in developing countries. The Cincinnati Skywalk in Ohio was dismantled because of these concerns.


Cities with notable systems

North America
There are significant skyway networks in many cities in the , such as , Saint Paul, , , Rochester, and Duluth. Most networks in North America are privately owned. Notable exceptions are skyways in Saint Paul and in New York (), which are publicly owned.
Atlanta, Georgia 14 blocks map
Arlington, VirginiaRosslyn Skywalks map
Calgary, Alberta map
Cedar Rapids, Iowa map
Charlotte, North Carolina 10 blocks
40 blocks
Dallas, Texas map
Des Moines, Iowa map
map
Duluth, Minnesota map
Edmonton, Alberta map
Fargo, North Dakota
Grand Rapids, Michigan
Halifax, Nova Scotia, CanadaDowntown Halifax Link
Houston, Texas map
Indianapolis, Indiana map
Kansas City, Missouri
Las Vegas Strip Skyways are provided in lieu of street-level pedestrian crossings.
Lincoln, Nebraska
Calvin S Hamilton Pedway 10 blocks Map
Louisville, Kentucky map
Mankato, Minnesota map
Milwaukee, Wisconsin map
Minneapolis, Minnesota map
New York map
Oklahoma City, OklahomaOklahoma City Underground
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania map
Rochester, New York map
Saint Paul, Minnesota map
Sioux City, Iowa map
Spokane, Washington map
Winnipeg, Manitoba


Asia
The highest skybridge between separate buildings in the world is in the Raffles City Chongqing skyscrapers complex in , China. The world's longest pedestrian hanging skywalk, at 430 meters, is the Zhangjiajie Glass Bridge, which sits between mountain peaks in China. The highest cantilevered skybridge as construction element of building exist atop of in , .

The world's highest 2-story skybridge, 170 m above the ground and 58 m long, between the two towers on 41st and 42nd floors in Petronas Twin Towers dual skyscrapers in , Malaysia, which also has an elevated, air-conditioned walkway from the Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre to shopping district. Malaysia also has the mountainarian tourist pedestrian glass-bottom Langkawi Sky Bridge in , .

One of the most famous similar cantilevered skybridges, that looks like uppered ship from the bird's-eye and submarine from the ground, known in Singapore's Marina Bay Sands resort complex of skyscrapers.

One of the most impressionable hanging pedestrian skybridges, supported by two giant hands, Golden Bridge now attracts tourists in Ba Na Hills near , Vietnam.

In , Thailand there are more than 5.4 km of covered wide dedicated elevated skywalks with lighting. These were developed due to lack of proper sidewalks as well as street hawkers and local merchants taking advantage of any sidewalk space as makeshift commercial real estate. Common reasons skywalks were built include to avoid street pollution, dust, wetness from food vendors and/or rain, potholes, long queues, crowds, and uneven pavement, supporting but probably most importantly, receipts. Most skywalks connect to a station and utilize space underneath the rail line and BTS pillar supports. These skywalks have connector ramps which connect stations to malls seamlessly and are paid for by the malls themselves, otherwise the city and BTS fund walkway development. A 50km long extension project was shelved in 2011 due to funding issues, nevertheless the system is growing organically.

In , there are numerous foot bridge networks across the city. Particularly large networks exists around elevated or at grade stations and connections between malls and housing estates in centers. The largest network spans Admiralty, Central and parts of districts in the CBD and consists of the Central Elevated and Central–Mid-Levels Walkway systems which link up over 40 major office buildings. The Central–Mid-Levels walkway system is the longest outdoor covered system in the world according to Guinness World Records.910 Other large systems exist in Tsuen Wan and .

The Mumbai Skywalk Project, is a discontinuous network of over 50 km of skywalks in , India. The skyways connect Mumbai Suburban Railway stations to important junctions, each 1 to 2 km in length. The first of these is a 1.3 km (0.8 mi) long skywalk connecting the suburban regions of and .Bellman, Eric. (2010-01-19) Packed Streets Have a City of Walkers Looking Skyward for Answers. Online.wsj.com. Retrieved on 2011-09-30.


Europe
, Belgium has a skyway between the two .

has skywalks on the and . The City of London Pedway Scheme was devised as part of the post World War II reconstruction plans for London, it was put into effect mainly from the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s and eventually abandoned by the 1980s. has picturesque skyways between former warehouses, used in part to roll barrels between them.

conceived a project of building skyways around the city centre during the 1960s. The project saw bridges linking key buildings around the city centre, such as James Street railway station, Moorfields railway station and New Hall Place. Crime and low usage of the bridges stopped the project being fully imagined and by the end of the year 2000 nearly all of bridges had been removed, though evidence of the scheme still exists in some places.

, South Yorkshire has a famous skyway between two blocks of flats in the Park Hill Estate housing block with the phrase "I Love You Will U Marry Me" graffitied onto it. It has since become the subject of songs by local singers and bands such as and .

The twin towers of the in Munich, Germany are joined by two skyways made of glass and steel.

The Promenade Plantée in the 12th arrondissement of Paris, France includes pedestrian bridges and a linear park on an aqueduct of a former railway.


Australia
  • , Australia, four blocks and Airport


Gallery
File:1 oxford bridge of sighs 2012.jpg|Bridge of Sighs in File:Cor IMG 4417.JPG| in File:Skybridge1.jpg|The Bridge of Aspiration, a skybridge in , File:Hotel Kupa po rekonstrukci.jpg|Hotel Kupa, -Háje, Czechia File:Bochum - Schillerstraße - Bergbaumuseum 03 ies.jpg|German Mining Museum in Bochum File:SkyBridgeInterlaken.jpg|Skyway in , Switzerland File:Pedestrian overpass in Münster.JPG|A Skyway serving as part of a café, Münster, Germany File:SkyBridgeMunich.jpg|Skyway in , File:University of Leeds (4th May 2010) 031.jpg|A Brutalist skyway at the University of Leeds, England File:SkyBridge.JPG|An inside view of the skybridge of File:Bridge to Pier 6, Gatwick North Terminal - geograph.org.uk - 74055.jpg|This skyway at London Gatwick Airport is designed to allow aircraft to pass under File:Calgary Plus 15.jpg|A three-storey bridge at The Core Shopping Centre in File:Seattle skyway 6th and pine.jpg|Skyway at 6th Avenue at Pine St in File:2006ComputexDay5-17.jpg|The skyway system in File:La Promenade Plantée, April 2015 008.jpg|Promenade Plantée in File:Singapore The Pinnacle@Duxton 03.jpg|The Pinnacle@Duxton in File:Leipzig - Burgplatz + Lotterstraße + Neues Rathaus + Stadthaus 01 ies.jpg|Neues Rathaus in


See also
  • Catwalk – A narrow footbridge or walkway to allow workers access to parts of a structure

  • Glass Bridge, skywalk with glass bottom

  • – A bridge, road or railway crossing over another road or railway

  • Pedestrian separation structure – Any structure which separates pedestrians from the roadway

  • – Pedestrian walkways, includes both skyways and underground walkways

  • – Pedestrian path along the side of a road


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