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Sillyon (), Stephanus of Byzantium called it Σύλειον, Σύλαιον, Σύλλον and Σίλονον in times Syllaeum or Syllaion (Συλλαῖον), was an important fortress and city near in , on the southern coast of modern . The native form was Selywiys, possibly deriving from the original Sallawassi. Its modern Turkish names are Yanköy Hisarı or Asar Köy.Gernot (2003), p. 439


Antiquity
Throughout Antiquity, the city was relatively unimportant. According to one legend, the city was founded as a colony from , while another holds that it was founded, along with Side and , by the seers , and Amphilochus after the .Gernot (2003), p. 442 The city is first mentioned in c. 500 BC by ( polis Sylleion). From 469 BC, the city (as Sillyon) became part of the -led . It is mentioned in the Athenian tribute lists in c. 450 BC and again in 425 BC, and then disappears again from the historical record until 333 BC, when Alexander the Great is said to have unsuccessfully besieged it. According to ( Anabasis Alexandri I. 26), the site (recorded as Syllion) was well-fortified and had a strong garrison of mercenaries and "native barbarians", so that Alexander, pressed for time, had to abandon the siege after the first attempt at storming it failed.

The city was extensively rebuilt under the , especially its theatre. In later times, when most of western fell to the , Sillyon remained a free city by a decision of the .


Numismatics
The city has an attested continuous tradition of minting its own coins from the early 3rd century BC up to the reign of the in the 270s. Silver of the Alexandrian and types were minted between 281 and 190 BC, but other than that, the city's coinage is in bronze. 3rd-century BC coins feature a bearded head or a standing figure, possibly identifiable with , or lightning and the inscription ΣΕΛΥИΙΥΣ (the native Pamphylian name, where И=/w/). Coinage under Roman suzerainty featured the same motifs, but with the inscription to ϹΙΛΛΥΕΩΝ ("of the Sillyeans"). Epiphania was a city in Secunda (Cilicia Trachea), in .


Byzantine period
Under the , the city rose to relative prominence. It is mentioned as the site of the destruction of an Arab fleet by storm in late 677 or 678, following the unsuccessful Arab Siege of Constantinople.Kazhdan (1991), p. 1980 As one of the major fortified sites of the area, it became the seat of an imperial representative ( ), complementing the of the of the . Syllaeum was also located at the start of the great that linked the southern coast, via and , with and the capital . In this position, it began to eclipse the traditional local metropolis of , and sometime between 787 and 815, the local bishop's seat was transferred to Syllaeum. Together with the wider area of Pamphylia, the city fell to the in 1207.


Notable people
  • Saint Antony the Younger was ek prosōpou at Syllaion in c. 821-29.
  • Patriarch Constantine II of Constantinople was bishop of the city.
  • Patriarch Antony I of Constantinople was born in the city.


Archaeological remains
The ruins of Sillyon/Syllaion date from the , , and partly eras. Among these are remains of city gates, a , an and an odeon (some of which have tumbled because of a landslide), a , a and a gymnasium. Much of it is threatened by landslide, since the city is located atop a rocky plateau.


Sources


External links

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