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Shendi or Shandi () is a small city in northern Sudan, situated on the southeastern bank of the Nile River 150 km northeast of Khartoum. Shandi is also about 45 km southwest of the ancient city of Meroë. Located in the River Nile state, Shandi is the center of the Ja'alin tribe and an important historic trading center. Its principal suburb on the west bank is Matamma. A major traditional trade route across the Bayuda Desert connects Matamma to Merowe and Napata, 250 km to the northwest. The city is the historical capital of the powerful Sudanese Arab Ja'alin tribe whom most of its denizens belong to. The village of Hosh Bannaga, hometown of former President Omar al-Bashir, is located on the outskirts of the city.
One theory claims that the name comes from an old Nubian languages word for "lip" because the town is located in the bend of the Nile River, which is similar to the shape of lips.
Another theory claims that the name came from a word in the Meroitic language meaning "the ram" because the place was a pasture for sheep that were being sanctified in the Kingdom of Kush during the Meroitic period, which is shown by the remains of the statues inside the sheep hall at the entrance Al-Naq’a Palace and the Al-Bajrawiya area.
Similarly, the name for Shendi has also been suggested as derived from "Shndi/ʃn'də" for sheep in Daju languages vocabulary. The connection is supported by the Daju people oral tradition of a former riverine distribution and ancient locality to Shendi before their migrations west into Kordofan and Darfur.
Another theory claims that the name, is derived from the Beja language word "Shanda", which means "the long winter".
Referring to the ancient Egyptian Pharaonic sources (Egyptian hieroglyphs), it is clear that the ancient Egyptians used the name Shendi to refer to the acacia trees, and it is known that the Shendi region has a large number of this type of tree.
The archaeological excavation at the site of Shanan Castle revealed a wide spread of Neolithic man activities in the Shendi area, and the quantity and quality of the archaeological artifacts extracted from the site indicate a large settlement that existed in the place, whose inhabitants exploited the natural resources of the area.
The English traveler James Bruce, in his book Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile, described Shendi, where he stopped for a short period in 1772, on his way back from Ethiopian Empire. He praises Shendi for its market full of goods and merchandise, surrounded by orchards and irrigated fields located on the banks of the Nile River. He mentioned that the weekly market in Shendi is the largest of its kind in Nubia, and is located at the intersection of two land based trade routes, with cattle, horses, gum Arabic, tobacco, honey, slave, sheep and other commodities coming from central and southern Sudan and the western lowlands of Abyssinia via Sinnar and sugar, white cotton and copper yellow coming from Egypt, via Berber. Peter Malcolm Holt: A History of the Sudan. From the Coming of Islam to the Present Day. Addison-Wesley Pub Company, Reading, Massachusetts 2000, S. 8–10 spices and spices from India and glassware and sweets from Europe came via the port of Suakin on the Red SeaJean Louis Burckhardt: Travels in Nubia. London 1819 eBooks@Adelaide 2004 Bruce mentioned that a woman named Sitna was ruling Shendi.
The German traveler and orientalist John Ludwik Burckhardt gave a description of the economic and social conditions in the city when he visited it in the year 1814. On his way to Swaken via Kassala he joined a trade caravan consisting of more than 200 head of camels, 150 merchants accompanied by their families, 300 slaves, and 30 horses that were dedicated to Yemen. Karl Baedecker: Egypt and the Sudan: Handbook for Travelers. 7. Auflage, Leipzig - London - New York 1914, S. 422 Als PDF To avoid suspicion, he claimed that he was a small merchant who wanted to go to the Upper Nile in search of a cousin of his who disappeared a few years ago, on a trip to the city of Snar. It was decided convoy would begin moving in March 1814. According to him, there was a road heading east towards the lower Atbara River through Quz Rajab. Burckhardt mentions the king of Shendi in his writings and said that his name is al-Mak Muhammad al-Nimr Nayir, the king of the Jaaliyn and his family is a branch of the ruling family of Sennar and is called the Wad Ajeeb family, and his father is from the Jaalieen tribe and his mother is from the Wad Ajeeb family.
The Shendi king, like the Berber rulers, owed allegiance to the ruler of Sennar, and with the exception of the amount of money that he paid to the ruler of Sennar annually and some mutual visits from both sides, the Shendi king enjoyed complete independence from Sennar in the entire territory of his region extending north for a two-day march.
According to Sudanese historian Makki Shabeika, the Pasha had left his cavalry in a place about 20 miles (32 km) south of Shendi and hurried with a number of his entourage, his bodyguard and his doctor to Shendi. Twenty thousand Egyptian pounds, and when Mek Nimr concluded from the enormity of the request and objected to the Pasha slap him in the face with his long pipe, and the king was about to respond to the insult with the sword, but the king assistant winked him with his hand, and in another narration he spoke to him in the dialect of the Basharin and asked him to postpone revenge.
Muhammad Ali Pasha's reaction to the killing of his son was devastating, as he ordered his son-in-law Muhammad Bey Al-Daftardar to return from Kordofan to launch a disciplinary campaign during which the city of Shendi was destroyed and ruined in 1823, and most of its inhabitants were killed. Al-Mak Nimr withdrew from the city to the south towards Sennar and the border of Abyssinia, where he settled and his followers established a city they called Al-Matumma, after Al-Matma in Shendi.
Shendi remained for the rest of the nineteenth century an unknown village to the invaders, and its market shifted north to Khartoum, the capital of the Turkish-Egyptian rule at the time. The city no longer had any economic importance and its agricultural production was no longer sufficient to feed the population of its countryside.
The German traveler Alfred Brim described in his book, Plans of a Journey from Northeast Africa, the city of Matma, located on the left bank of the Nile, as an extension of the New Shendi, and its wealth of gold, silver, and leather tanning.
| 1973 (Census) | 24,161 |
| 1983 (Census) | 34,505 |
| 2007 (Estimate) | 55,516 |
There are several projects for irrigated agriculture from the Nile River affiliated to the public and private sectors, most notably:
Government projects include: Capuchin, and Qandto, and Al-Bagrawiyah, and Jihad, and the martyr.
Private Sector Projects: The Misiktab, Sardia, Shaqlawa, Capuchin, Al-Jazirah Al-Sibyliyah, Wood Banga, Honey Stone, and Al-Basabir.
Existing investment projects: Doxan, Tala, Karawan, Coral Company for Agricultural and Livestock Production, Fayet Project for Agricultural Production.
Mobile telephone coverage exists within the city, the neighboring towns of Al-Misiktab and Al-Mattamah, the outlying villages, and at the ancient Meroitic pyramids to the north. Internet connectivity is limited to the city.
A UNESCO funded center exists within the town to promote education in foreign languages and Information Technology.
Shendi University is a public university that was established in 1994. The university draws students from across Sudan to study there.
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