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Shahrizor or Shahrezur () is a fertile plain in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, situated in the Silêmanî Governorate and west of Avroman. Shahrizor plain is watered by the Tributary of Tandjaro river which flows to Diyala River and Tigris rivers.
Sites like Bakr Awa show that there was also occupation here during the Akkadian Empire period.
During the 3rd millennium BC, Shahrizor plain belonged to the kingdom of Lullubi.
During the Iron Age it was part of the Zamua kingdom, which stretched from Lake Urmia to the upper reaches of the Diyala River, roughly corresponding with the modern Sulaimania governorate (still called Zamua/Zamwa) in Iraqi Kurdistan. It was centered at Sharazur plain. The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 2, (1985) Cambridge University Press, p. 59. Direct link. Last retrieved 11.12.2013 During the rule of the Neo-Assyrian king Assurnasirbal II, the region was rebellious, and had to be subdued.
Arabs associated Shahrizor with biblical legends associated with Saul and David suggesting that the region had a Jews colony.
Sharazor and its king Yazdan Kurd are mentioned in the Karnamag, a book of Persian mythology, of Ardashir IThe Kārnāmag-ī Ardaxšīr-ī Pābagān, Book of the Deeds of Ardashir son of Babag, Chapter VI and also in the inscription of Narseh alongside Garmian. During the Sassanid era the region of Sharazor was one of the 5 provinces of the satrapy of Medes, an ancient Iranian peoples.
In the 4th century, some of inhabitants of Sharazor who had converted to Christianity were persecuted by the Sassanids. Among the prominent examples of this persecution is the killing of Bishop Shahdost Shahrazori and 128 of his followers.
Sharazur was incorporated into Ardalan Principality from 11th century until the 16thKurdistan: Divided Nation of the Middle East - Page 10, by S. S. Gavan. Lawrence & Wishart, 1958 and was its first capital. Its relics are the historic site of Yassin tepe. Encyclopædia Britannica: A New Survey of Universal Knowledge, pg. 521, by Walter Yust, 1951; and The Pageant of Persia: A Record of Travel by Motor in Persia, by James Rives Childs, p. 253, The Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1936. It formed afterwards part of Baban Principality.
It was also a center of Zaydism among the Zaydi Kurdish minority, before the eventual decline of Zaydism.كتاب دائرة المعارف: من سليكون الى صلاح الدينية. ١٠, Volume 10, Buṭrus al- Bustānī, 1898, pp. 614
In the Medieval era, the area was incorporated into the territories ruled by many dynasties, including Annazid, Aishanid and also Ayyubid, who were also of Kurdish origins. During the Ayyubid period the region, and the city of Erbil, were granted as a fief to the emir Gökböri by Saladin in 1190.* Ibn Khallikan (1843) Kitab wafayat ala'yan - Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary, transl. by Guillaume, Baron Mac-Guckin de Slane, Volume 2, Paris.[4], p. 537
Yaqut al-Hamawi describes the region of Sharazor as areas between Erbil to the west and Hamadan to the east including many cities, towns and villages. He mentions the inhabitants of the region as having been entirely Kurds, who were defended themselves from the Sultan and ruled their area. Kitab Mu'jam Al Buldan, by Yaqoot Hamawi, vol. 3, pp. 425−427
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