Seversk (, ) is a closed city in Tomsk Oblast, Russia, located northwest of Tomsk on the right bank of the Tom River. The population was 108,590 at the 2010 census and 109,106 at the 2002 census.
It was previously known as Pyaty Pochtovy (until 1949) and Tomsk-7 (until 1992).
Geography
The city is located northwest of Tomsk on the right bank of the
Tom River.
Climate
Seversk has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification
Dfb) with warm summer. The annual average temperature is . The average temperature in January is between . The average temperature in July is . The total annual rainfall is .
History
Founded in 1949, it was known as
Pyaty Pochtovy (Пя́тый Почто́вый, lit.
the Fifth Postal) until 1954 and as
Tomsk-7 (Томск-7) until 1992. City status was granted to it in 1956.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with five rural localities, incorporated as
Seversk City Under Oblast Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.
[Law #271-OZ] As a municipal division, Seversk City Under Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporated as
Seversk Urban Okrug.
[Decision #69/1]
Economy
Seversk is the site of the Siberian Chemical Combine, founded in 1954. It comprises several
and chemical plants for separation, enrichment, and reprocessing of
uranium and
plutonium. Following an agreement in March 2003 between
Russia and the
United States to shut down Russia's three remaining plutonium-producing reactors, two of the three plutonium producing reactors (the two that are situated in Seversk, at the Sibirskaya Nuclear Power Plant) were shut down.
[The remaining operating production reactor is sited at Zheleznogorsk in Krasnoyarsk Krai.]
Nuclear weapon are produced and stored on the premises. One of the most serious at SGCE occurred on April 6, 1993, when a tank containing a highly radioactivity solution exploded (see § Tomsk-7 explosion).
Secret city
Seversk had been a secret city in the
Soviet Union until President
Boris Yeltsin decreed in 1992 that such cities could use their historical names. The town had not been marked on the official maps until then. As was the tradition with Soviet towns containing secret facilities, the designation "Tomsk-7" (like its predecessor "Pyaty Pochtovy") is simply a
postal code which implies that the place is located close to the city of Tomsk.
For many years, residents have been restricted from entering or leaving the city. Upon leaving Seversk, residents had to surrender their special entry passes at the checkpoint and it was forbidden to discuss where they worked or lived. In 1987, some restrictions were lifted due to the large number of residents who worked or studied in Tomsk.
The city still remains closed to non-residents. There are six checkpoints where visitors must show entry documents. Permission to visit the city may only be granted by the appropriate authorities by a request of the institution being visited, or by a request of a private party such as a close relative. Visitors can apply for entry passes at the main checkpoint; prior to May 2007, they needed to visit a special office in Tomsk.
Tomsk-7 explosion
There was a nuclear accident at the Tomsk-7 Reprocessing Complex on 6 April 1993, when a tank exploded due to formation of
red oil, while
nitric acid was being added to a
PUREX. The explosion had a force of approximately 100
TNT equivalent and blew out a large section of the exterior wall of the high level radioactive processing room,
releasing a cloud of radioactive gas. The cloud was dispersed northwards by the wind, with some of the radioactive material settling over the neighboring village of Georgiyevka.
TIME magazine has identified the Tomsk-7 explosion as one of the world's 10 "worst nuclear disasters".
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Culture
Seversk has nine municipal cultural and artistic institutions, as well as four establishments of additional education for children of artistic and aesthetic focus. There is also a nonprofit organization, Ostrovsky House of Culture,
[ Ostrovsky House of Culture] and a cinema called Mir.
[ "Mir".]
Education
There is a major post-secondary school in the city, the Seversk State Technological Academy, a branch of Moscow Engineering Physics Institute.
Notable people from Seversk
See also
Notes
Sources
External links
