Pulicat or Pazhaverkadu is a historic seashore town in Chennai Metropolitan Area at Thiruvallur District, of Tamil Nadu state, India. It is about north of Chennai and from Elavur, on the southern periphery of the Pulicat Lake. Pulicat lake is a shallow salt water lagoon which stretches about along the coast. With lakeside and seashore development as well as several Special Economic Zones (SEZs) including a US$1 billion Medical SEZ, coming up in nearby Elavur, in the area are rising.
History
The
Portugal established a trading post in Pulicat in 1502 with the help of the Vijayanagar rulers. They built a fort there and held this fort until 1609 when they were defeated by the Dutch. The
Dutch people occupied Pulicat fort in 1609. Between 1621 and 1665, 131 slave ships were deployed by the Dutch to export 38,441 Indians captured on the Coromandel coast and transported from Pulicat to be sold as slaves to Dutch plantations in Batavia. Pulicat was till 1690 the capital of
Dutch Coromandel. It repeatedly changed possession, until finally occupied by the
British India in 1825. It became part of the Madras Presidency, which later became Madras state in independent India and renamed Tamil Nadu in 1968. The Dutch church has been built over several times and is rather dilapidated today, and the Dutch fort has fallen into ruin. The old lighthouse still stands at the opposite bank of the lake. The
cemetery dating to 1622 has been taken under the wing of the Archaeological Survey of India and so has survived the passage of time. The grand, Dutch-inscribed tombs and graves, carved with skeletons rather than the cross, have been quite well preserved. The cemetery lies behind the market.
Aadhi Narayana Perumal temple is an old temple located at Pazhaverkadu.
Pulicat-Day is celebrated on World Wetland Day (2 February) at Pulicat by AARDE Foundation. Catamaran and several competitions are held on this day. Small information center (Pulicat Museum) at Pazhaverkadu gives detailed information on Pulicat ecology and built heritage.
Fort Geldria
Fort Geldria or Fort Geldaria, located in Pulicat, was the seat of the
Dutch Republic's first settlement in
India, and the capital of
Dutch Coromandel.
It was built by the Dutch East India Company in 1613 and became the local governmental centre in 1616.
It was named for
Gelderland, the native province of Wemmer van Berchem, the General Director of the company.
[James 2009, p. 34] Regularly protected by a garrison of 80 to 90 men,
Fort Geldria was the only fortification in the Indian empire;
[James 2009, p. 32] all other positions of the Dutch Company were trading posts.
Wildlife
Pulicat is within the Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary. Every year between the months of October and March, thousands of migratory birds land here. Though many species can be seen, the
are the most visible, covering the swamps surrounding the lake, giving it a pink tinge.
External links
