Puadh (IAST: puādha, sometimes Anglicisation as Poadh or Powadh) is a historic region in north India that comprises parts of present-day Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh and the Union territory of Chandigarh, India. It has the Sutlej in its north and covers the regions immediately south of the Ghaggar river. The people of the area are known as Puadhi and speak the Puadhi dialect of Punjabi. The capital cities of Puadh region are Rupnagar, Fatehgarh Sahib, Mohali, Patiala, Sangrur, Mansa (south east) Chandigarh, Nalagarh, Panchkula, Baddi, Ambala, Yamunanagar.
Etymology
The word Puadh is a conjugation of two words of the language:
puav meaning eastern and
āddha meaning half.
[The Tribune (05.11.2006) PUNJABI REVIEW Of Puadh and Pablo Neruda Surinder Singh Tej Puadh Darpan Edited by Manmohan Singh Daon Punjabi Sath-Panj Nad Parkashan, Lambra (Jalandhar) [1]] The term refers to the eastern half of the
Punjab region.
Extent
Puadh generally lies between the
Sutlej and Ghaggar-Hakra rivers and south, south-east and east of Rupnagar district adjacent to
Ambala district (in Haryana).
Punjab
In Punjab:
-
Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar District: Kurali, Mohali, Kharar;
[ Farmers of India, Volume 1. Indian Council of Agricultural Research]
-
Rupnagar district; Ropar; and Chamkaur Sahib; Morinda
-
Fategarh Sahib district: Amloh, m
[Transactions] and Sirhind;[ Punjab District Gazetteers, Part 1 (1919)]
-
Ludhiana district: Pail
[ Proceedings, Volume 23. (1990) Punjabi University] Doraha, and Samrala;
-
Patiala district: Rajpura and western part of Patiala district
[Sukhawindara Siṅgha Saṅghā, (2006) Indian Institute of Language Studies Panjabi Phonology: A Sociolinguistic Study [5]] including Patiala city.[Banarsi Das Jain (1934) A Phonology of Panjābī: As Spoken about Ludhiana, and A Ludhiānī Phonetic Reader. University of Punjab [6]]
-
Sangrur district: Malerkotla, Moonak and other eastern parts of Sangrur.
[Census of India, 1981: District census handbook. A & B, Village & town directory; Village & townwise primary census abstract [7]]
-
Mansa district: Bareta sub tehsil (Kulrian, Bahadurpur, Dialpura villages)
Haryana
In Haryana,
Pinjore,
[Gajrana, S. (1994) Peasants, landlords, and princes, 1920-56, Volume 1. Rima Pub. House,[8]] Panchkula,
Naraingarh,
Kalka,
Ambala, Shahabad, Karnal, and Yamunanagar districts fall within Puadh. Other areas include Jagadhri, Kalesar,
Pehowa, and Gulha tehsil
[Singh, Jasbir (1976) An Agricultural Geography of Haryana. Vishal publications [9]] of
Kaithal district.
These areas are almost have equally share of major communities in different parts such as Rajputs, Jats and Gujjars. Kalesar is last village of Haryana in north dominated by Gujjars and Jagadhri have large of number Gujjars community Villages whereas Ambala have good share of Rajput voters and 30-50 villages of Gujjars and Jats. There are many big Rajput villages in panchkula and various small villages of Gujjars as well. Ramgarh and Raipur Rani were jagirs ruled by Kshatriya Rajputs in Panchkula, former belonged to Chandel clan and latter one was ruled by Chauhans.
Uttar Pradesh
In the state of Uttar Pradesh it is spoken mainly in the Northern districts which border North Haryana districts and South Himachal Pradesh district. The districts where it is spoken are-
-
Badshahibagh
-
Behat
-
Saharanpur
-
Gangoh
-
Deoband
These regions are mostly dominated by Thakurs of Pundir clan and Gujjars.
Himachal Pradesh
Nalagarh,
[ Link, Volume 8, Issues 1-25. United India Periodicals, 1965] Baddi, Mahlog
[ Census of India, 1961: Himachal Pradesh] (Solan district)
[Minakshi Chaudhry (2007)Destination Himachal: Over 132 Offbeat and 12 Popular Getaways. Rupa and Co. [12]] and
Kala Amb[Spectrum (05.11.2006( PUNJABI REVIEW Of Puadh and Pablo Neruda Surinder Singh Tej [13]] (Sirmaur district) in
Himachal Pradesh lies in the east of Puadh, which separates the states of
Himachal Pradesh and
Haryana.
Chandigarh
Chandigarh falls within the Puadh region.
[ Pakha Sanjam, Volume 14 (1981) Punjabi University]
==Gallery==
Culture
Puadh is often wrongly included in Malwa (Punjab) by the media.
The region had its own poets even at
Akbar's court such as Mai Banno of Banur. More recent poets include Bhagat Asa Ram Baidwan of
Sohana. The Dhadd Sarangi and Kavishri singing originated in Puadh and also different types of
such as that of Rabbi Bhaironpuri. Puadh consists only a small quantity of Punjab. The
Majha, Malwa (Punjab), Pothwar, Bahawalpur, Hazara and
Doaba make up majority of the Punjab.
Puadhi language
The dialect of the
Punjabi language language spoken in Puadh is called
Puadhi language. It is spoken by the people of Chandigarh, Baltana, Zirakpur, Rajpura,
Ghanaur, and Devigarh region of Patiala district, Banur region, villages of Mohali, and some region of Ropar district in Punjab, southern villages of Sangrur (
moonak), Mansa (
Bareta sub tehsil) whereas in Haryana in villages of
Ambala,
Tohana of Fatehabad district, Nalagarh, Baddi and Panchkula districts people speak this language. Also, the region of Ismailabad and Shahbad of
Kurukshetra speak this language, also a tehsil of Sadhaura of
Yamunanagar district.
See also
Notes
