In 1857, the Vale of Neath Powder Co. built a "gunpowder manufactory", having obtained "a licence to erect their mills over a space of two miles including the Upper and Lower Cilliepste Falls". The Cambrian Newspaper, 10 April 1857. The site on the Mellte was chosen for remoteness and the availability of water power and timber for producing charcoal, an ingredient of gunpowder. An inclined tramway wfrom a siding on the Vale of Neath Railway near Pen-cae-drain, brought in sulphur and saltpetre, the other ingredients. The buildings were linked by a horse-drawn tramway, whose horses wore copper horseshoes to reduce the likelihood of sparks. The Gunpowder Works. In 1862, Curtis & Harvey took over the site, later merging with Nobel's Explosives Co.Pritchard, Tom, Evans, Jack and Johnson, Sidney (1985). The Old Gunpowder Factory at Glynneath. Merthyr Tydfil: Merthyr Tydfil & District Naturalists' Society 1998. and being absorbed by Imperial Chemical Industries in 1926. It then closed in 1931, but the site is still known locally as the Gunpowder Works. It is administered by the National Park Authority and has a network of footpaths.
The Welsh-language poet Evan Bevan died at Pontneddfechan in 1866.
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