The Pitheciidae () are one of the five families of New World monkeys now recognised. Formerly, they were included in the family Atelidae. The family includes the , and . Most species are native to the Amazon region of Brazil, with some being found from Colombia in the north to Bolivia in the south.
Characteristics
Pitheciids are small to medium-sized
, ranging from 23 cm in head-body length for the smaller titis, to 44–49 cm for the uakaris. They have medium to long fur, in a wide range of colors, often with contrasting patches, especially on the face.
They are Diurnality and arboreal animals, found in tropical forests from low-lying swamp to mountain slopes. They are predominantly herbivore, eating mostly fruit and seeds, although some species will also eat a small number of insects. Sakis and uakaris have a diastema between the canine and premolar teeth, but the titis, which have unusually small canines for New World monkeys, do not.
Females give birth to a single young after a gestation period of between four and six months, depending on species. The uakaris and bearded sakis are polygamous, living in groups of 8-30 individuals. Each group has multiple males, which establish a dominance hierarchy amongst themselves. The titis and Pithecia sakis, by contrast, are monogamous and live in much smaller family groups.[
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Classification
There are 54 currently recognized extant taxon species of pitheciid monkey, grouped into two subfamily and six genus.[ The Paleobiology Database Pitheciidae entry accessed on 6 April 2010]
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Family Pitheciidae: titis, sakis and uakaris
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Subfamily Callicebinae, titis
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Genus Plecturocebus
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White-eared titi, Plecturocebus donacophilus
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Rio Beni titi, Plecturocebus modestus
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Rio Mayo titi, Plecturocebus oenanthe
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Ollala brothers's titi, Plecturocebus olallae
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White-coated titi, Plecturocebus pallescens
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Urubamba brown titi, Plecturocebus urubambensis
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Baptista Lake titi, Plecturocebus baptista
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Prince Bernhard's titi, Plecturocebus bernhardi
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Brown titi, Plecturocebus brunneus
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Parecis titi, Plecturocebus parecis
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Ashy black titi, Plecturocebus cinerascens
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Hoffmanns's titi, Plecturocebus hoffmannsi
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Red-bellied titi, Plecturocebus moloch
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Vieira's titi, Plecturocebus vieirai
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Milton's titi, Plecturocebus miltoni
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Chestnut-bellied titi, Plecturocebus caligatus
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Coppery titi, Plecturocebus cupreus
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Toppin's titi, Plecturocebus toppini
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Madidi titi, Plecturocebus aureipalatii
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Caquetá titi, Plecturocebus caquetensis
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White-tailed titi, Plecturocebus discolor
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Hershkovitz's titi, Plecturocebus dubius
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Ornate titi, Plecturocebus ornatus
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Stephen Nash's titi, Plecturocebus stephennashi
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Alta Floresta titi, Plecturocebus grovesi
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Genus Callicebus
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Barbara Brown's titi, Callicebus barbarabrownae
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Coimbra Filho's titi, Callicebus coimbrai
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Coastal black-handed titi, Callicebus melanochir
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Black-fronted titi, Callicebus nigrifrons
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Atlantic titi, Callicebus personatus
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Genus † Miocallicebus
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† Miocallicebus villaviejai
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Genus Cheracebus
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Genus † Carlocebus
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† Carlocebus carmenensis
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† Carlocebus intermedius
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Genus † Homunculus
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Subfamily Pitheciinae
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Genus uakari, uakaris
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Black-headed uakari, Cacajao melanocephalus
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Bald uakari, Cacajao calvus
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Aracá uakari, Cacajao ayresii
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Neblina uakari, Cacajao hosomi
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Genus † Cebupithecia
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† Cebupithecia sarmientoi
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Genus Chiropotes, bearded sakis
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Black bearded saki, Chiropotes satanas
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Red-backed bearded saki, Chiropotes chiropotes
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Brown-backed bearded saki, Chiropotes israelita
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Uta Hick's bearded saki, Chiropotes utahickae
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White-nosed saki, Chiropotes albinasus
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Genus † Nuciruptor
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Genus † Mazzonicebus
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Genus Pithecia, sakis
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Equatorial saki, Pithecia aequatorialis
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White-footed saki or buffy saki, Pithecia albicans
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Cazuza's saki, Pithecia cazuzai
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Golden-faced saki, Pithecia chrysocephala
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Hairy saki, Pithecia hirsuta
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Burnished saki, Pithecia inusta
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Rio Tapajós saki or Gray's bald-faced saki, Pithecia irrorata
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Isabel's saki, Pithecia isabela
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Monk saki, Pithecia monachus
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Miller's saki, Pithecia milleri
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Mittermeier's Tapajós saki, Pithecia mittermeieri (disputed)
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Napo saki, Pithecia napensis
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Pissinatti's saki, Pithecia pissinattii (disputed)
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White-faced saki, Pithecia pithecia
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Rylands' bald-faced saki, Pithecia rylandsi (disputed)
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Vanzolini's bald-faced saki, Pithecia vanzolinii
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Genus † Proteropithecia
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† Proteropithecia neuquenensis
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Genus † Soriacebus
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† Soriacebus ameghinorum
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† Soriacebus adrianae
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†Genus Xenothrix
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†Genus Antillothrix
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†Hispaniolan monkey, Antillothrix bernensis
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†Genus Insulacebus
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† Insulacebus toussentiana
*Newly described species.
Silvestro etal 2017 showed the relationship among the extinct and extant pitheciid genera:[
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External links
