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Paramaribo is the and largest city of , located on the banks of the in the Paramaribo District. Paramaribo has a population of roughly 241,000 people (2012 census), almost half of Suriname's population. The historic inner city of Paramaribo has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2002.

Name
The city is named for the Paramaribo tribe living at the mouth of the ; the name is from Tupi–Guarani para "large river" + maribo "inhabitants".E. M. Pospelov, Geograficheskie nazvaniya mira (Moscow: Russkie slovari, 1998), p. 322.

History
The name Paramaribo is probably a corruption of the name of a native village, spelled Parmurbo in the earliest Dutch sources. This was the location of the first Dutch settlement, a trading post established by Nicolaes Baliestel and Dirck Claeszoon van Sanen in 1613. English and French traders also tried to establish settlements in Suriname, including a French post established in 1644 near present-day Paramaribo.

All earlier settlements were abandoned some time before the arrival of English settlers in 1650 to found Surinam. They were sent by the English governor of Barbados, Lord Francis Willoughby, 5th Baron Willoughby of Parham, and established a town on the site of Paramaribo (though probably south of the current town center). The town was protected by a fort, called Fort Willoughby. In 1662, Governor Willoughby was granted the settlement and surrounding lands (extending into Suriname's interior) by King Charles II. Around 1665 the village of Paramaribo was expanded and quickly outranked the earlier settlement of .

In 1667, during the Second Anglo-Dutch War, Paramaribo was conquered by a squadron of ships under Abraham Crijnssen. The Treaty of Breda in 1667 confirmed Paramaribo as the leading town of the now Dutch colony of Suriname. The fort protecting Paramaribo was renamed Fort Zeelandia in honor of the Dutch province that had financed Crijnssen's fleet. (The town was also renamed New Middelburg but the name did not catch on with the inhabitants).

The population of Paramaribo has always been very diverse. Among the first British settlers were many and one of the oldest in the , the Neveh Shalom Synagogue, is found in Paramaribo. The population of the town was greatly increased after 1873, when former enslaved people (who had been freed in 1863) were allowed to stop working for their former masters and leave the sugar plantations.

Paramaribo has remained the capital of Suriname, from its colonial days through the independence of Suriname in 1975 to the present day. The old town has suffered many devastating fires over the years, notably in January 1821 (which destroyed over 400 buildings) and September 1832 (which destroyed nearly 50 buildings). The slaves Kodjo, Mentor, and Present were found guilty of , and burnt alive.

In May 1972, the opened. In 1987, an administrative reorganization took place in Suriname and the city was divided into 12 administrative resorts (jurisdictions).

Geography
The city is located on the , approximately inland from the Atlantic Ocean, in the Paramaribo district.

File:Kaart van Paramaribo.png|Paramaribo around 1737. File:Platte grond van de stad Paramaribo (1821).jpg|Paramaribo in 1821. Indicated in brown is the area devastated by the city fire of that year. File:Plan von Paramaribo.jpg|Paramaribo around 1876. File:Map of Paramaribo (1920).jpg|Paramaribo around 1916–1917

Climate
Paramaribo features a tropical rainforest climate ( Af), under the Köppen climate classification. Because Paramaribo is more subject to the Intertropical Convergence Zone than the and sees no , its climate is classified as equatorial. The city has no true ; all 12 months of the year average more than of rainfall, but the city does experience noticeably wetter and drier periods during the year. The Northern Hemisphere "" (September through November) is the driest period of the year in Paramaribo, and the heaviest rainfall occurs from April to July. Common to many cities with this climate, temperatures are relatively consistent throughout the course of the year, with average high temperatures of 30 degrees Celsius and average low temperatures of 24 degrees Celsius. Paramaribo on average receives roughly of rainfall each year.

Demographics
Paramaribo has a population of 240,924 people (2012 census). While the population number is stagnating in recent years, many towns in the surrounding are increasing in population.

The city is famed for its diverse ethnic makeup with 27% identifying as (African or mixed African-European descent), 23% as , 18% as Multiracial, 16% as (descendants of escaped enslaved Africans), 10% as Javanese, 2% as Indigenous, 1.5% as Chinese, and smaller numbers of (primarily of Dutch and Portuguese descent), Lebanese and Jews. In the past decades a significant number of Brazilians, Guyanese and new Chinese immigrants have settled in Paramaribo.

Economy
Paramaribo is the business and financial centre of Suriname. Even though the capital city does not produce significant goods itself, almost all revenues from the country's main export products , oil, , , and tropical are channeled through its institutions. All banks, insurance corporations and other financial and commercial companies are headquartered in Paramaribo. Around 75 percent of Suriname's GDP is consumed in Paramaribo.

Tourism is an increasingly important sector, with most visitors coming from the Netherlands.

Government
Administratively, Paramaribo forms its own district in Suriname. The resorts of Paramaribo district therefore correspond to boroughs of the city. There are twelve resorts in the Paramaribo district:

31,483
22,747
17,234
20,631
17,185
16,037
19,304
15,819
19,538
29,526
23,211
8,209

Transport
Paramaribo is served by the Johan Adolf Pengel International Airport and Zorg en Hoop Airport for local flights. The Jules Wijdenbosch Bridge, which is part of the East-West Link, connects Paramaribo with on the other side of the .

The Jules Sedney Harbour is the main harbour for cargo. The former harbour of is used by ferries.

Most airlines like and Blue Wing Airlines have their head offices on the grounds of Zorg en Hoop Airport in Paramaribo.

Education
Paramaribo's institution of higher learning is Anton de Kom University of Suriname, the country's only university.

AlphaMax Academy is a international school established on September 1, 1998, in Paramaribo, Republic of Suriname. The school is run by the Directors of the AlphaMax Foundation.

Healthcare
Paramaribo is home to four hospitals, the Academic Hospital Paramaribo, 's Lands Hospitaal, Sint Vincentius Hospital and Diakonessenhuis.

Historic inner city of Paramaribo
The Dutch colonial town established in 17th and 18th centuries was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2002. The historic inner city is located along the left bank of the Suriname River. The original architecture of buildings and street plan has largely remained intact and preserved.

Notable landmarks
  • Fort Zeelandia
  • Presidential Palace of Suriname
  • Roman Catholic St Peter and St Paul Cathedral
  • Suriname Mosque
  • National Assembly of Suriname
  • Neveh Shalom Synagogue
  • The Hindu Temple
  • Garden of Palms, a landscape garden of behind the presidential palace
  • Kwakoe, abolition of slavery memorial

Notable people

Twin towns – sister cities
Paramaribo is twinned with:

See also
  • Paramaribo District

Notes
External links
: , , , , , ,
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