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Pangium
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Pangium is a genus in the family containing the sole species Pangium edule, a tall tree native to the mangrove swamps of Southeast Asia ( and Papua New Guinea). It produces a large poisonous fruit (the "football fruit" or pangi)

(2025). 9781602396920, Skyhorse Publishing.
which can be made edible by fermentation. It is , with male and female flowers produced on separate individuals.

The taxonomy of the tree is uncertain, and it may also be classed in the or the .


Description
The tree can reach in height. The are heart-shaped. The brownish fruit grows in clusters and is shaped like a pear.


Cultivation
The tree requires many years to mature, and the seeds are therefore most frequently harvested from wild trees, as it is not economically feasible to cultivate. Although poisonous to humans, the seeds of the tree form part of the natural diet of the ( Babyroussa babyrussa).


Uses
The fresh fruit and seeds contain , and are thus deadly poisonous if consumed without prior preparation. The seeds are first boiled and then buried in ash, banana leaves and earth for forty days, during which time they turn from a creamy white colour to dark brown or black. The method relies on the fact that the hydrogen cyanide released by the boiling and fermentation is water-soluble and easily washed out.

The kernels may be ground up to form a thick black gravy called italic=no. Popular dishes include italic=yes, beef stew in italic=yes paste, popular in East and Central Java, and italic=yes, rawon stew made with beef or chicken, also made in East Java. In West Java and Jakarta, italic=yes, snakehead fish in italic=yes paste soup, is a popular traditional dish in . The dish italic=yes (black spice with fish or meat, also sometimes with vegetables) uses the black italic=yes powder. In and , the seeds are best known as an essential ingredient in ayam (chicken) or babi (pork) italic=yes, a mainstay of Peranakan cuisine. The tribe of use this pounded kernel as main ingredient for making local signature dish called italic=yes, a sour fermented fish.

People of the tribe in North Sulawesi use the young leaves as a vegetable, slicing them small, then cooking them with herbs and pork fat or meat inside bamboo. Many sellers in the traditional market sell the leaves.


Nutrition
The edible portions of the plant are an excellent source of vitamin C and high in iron.

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