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The sharpbill ( Oxyruncus cristatus) is a small bird that is placed in its own family Oxyruncidae. It was formerly placed in the family . Its range is from the mountainous areas of tropical and southern ( and ).

It inhabits the canopy of wet forest and feeds on and some . It has an orange erectile crest, black-spotted yellowish underparts and scaling on the head and neck. As its name implies, it has a straight, pointed beak, which gives its common name.

Sharpbills are most commonly found in tall dense forests but occasionally venture to the forest edge. Their diet consists of primarily of fruit, but they will also take insects, hanging upside down in from twigs to obtain insect . They will also travel in mixed-species feeding flocks with ovenbirds, , and . The breeding system employed by this species is polygamous with closely grouped males displaying in from a . The nest of the sharpbill is built by the female and is a small cup built on a slender branch. Chicks are fed by regurgitation.


Taxonomy
The genus Oxyruncus was erected by the Dutch zoologist Coenraad Jacob Temminck in 1820. The sharpbill was described in 1821 by the English naturalist under the Oxyrhuncus cristatus with an "h" inserted into the name of the genus. The word Oxyruncus is from the Ancient Greek oxus for "sharp" or "pointed" and rhunkhos "bill". The specific epithet is from the Latin cristatus for "crested" or "plumed".
(2025). 9781408125014, Christopher Helm. .

The affinities of the sharpbill to other species has long puzzled ornithologists, and this was only settled by the publication of large multilocus DNA sequencing studies. A high resolution version of the phylogenetic tree in Figure 1 is available from the first author's website here. The cladogram below shows the phylogenetic relationships of the sharpbill to other families in the Tyrannida. It is based on the study by Carl Oliveros and collaborators published in 2019 and the study by Michael Harvey and collaborators that was published in 2020. The families and species numbers are from the list maintained by the International Ornithologists' Union (IOC).

Four are recognised:

  • Oxyruncus cristatus frater ( & , 1868) – Costa Rica and west Panama
  • Oxyruncus cristatus brooksi & , 1922 – east Panama
  • Oxyruncus cristatus hypoglaucus (Salvin & Godman, 1883) – southeast Venezuela, the Guianas and north Brazil
  • Oxyruncus cristatus cristatus Swainson, 1821 – southeast Brazil, east Paraguay and northeast Argentina

  • Charles G. Sibley; Scott M. Lanyon; Jon E. Ahlquist (1984) "The relationships of the Sharpbill ( Oxyruncus cristatus)" Condor 86(1) 48–52.


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