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Oudong (; also romanized as Udong or Odong) is a former town of the post-Angkorian period (1618–1863) situated in present-day Phsar Daek Commune, Kampong Speu Province, Cambodia, near the border between Kandal Province and Kampong Chhnang Province. Located at the foothill of the mountain Phnom Oudong, also known as Phnom Preah Reach Troap (), about 35 km northwest of the modern capital Phnom Penh via National Road No. 5, Oudong was a royal residence and Cambodia's capital for almost 250 years until 1866. A monumental royal necropolis of sovereigns of several centuries is scattered on top of the prominent bisected mountain, which runs from the southeast to the northeast.
From 1618 until 1866 it was formally called Oudong Meanchey, the royal capital of Cambodia for 250 years. In 1866, it was abandoned by Norodom, taking his royal court along with him to the current capital, Phnom Penh, a dozen miles downstream from the former capital at Oudong.
During the Cambodian Civil War the town was captured by the Khmer Rouge in March 1974, who marched the citizens into the countryside, as well as executing a large number of prisoners. This proved to be a trial-run for the evacuation of Phnom Penh a year later. The Government retook the town in August the same year, but evidence of atrocities was widely discarded by international journalists.
It was extensively damaged by the Khmer Rouge in 1977, along with the other temples, monuments and religious structures there.
Henri Mouhot: "Travels in the Central Parts of Indo-China" 1864:
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