The Ngarigo people (also spelt Garego, Ngarego, Ngarago, Ngaragu, Ngarigu, Ngarrugu or Ngarroogoo) are Aboriginal Australian people of southeast New South Wales, whose traditional lands also extend around the present border with Victoria. They are named for their language, Ngarigo language, which in the 19th century was said to be spoken by the Nyamudy people (also known as Namwich or Yammoitmithang).
Language
Ngarigo language has been classified by linguist Robert Dixon as one of two Aboriginal Australian languages of the Southern New South Wales Group, the other being Ngunawal/Gundungurra. It was spoken in the area of
Tumut by the
Walgalu people, in the
Canberra-
Queanbeyan-Upper Murrumbidgee region by people variously called the
Nyamudy, the
Namwich or the
Yammoitmithang, and also as far south as Victoria's Omeo district. The heartland of Ngarigo speakers, in a more restricted sense, was Monaro.
John Lhotsky, Charles du Vé, John Bulmer, George Augustus Robinson, Alfred W. Howitt and R. H. Mathews compiled early word-lists of the language. In 1963, Luise Hercus managed to recover many terms conserved by descendants living in Orbost.
Country
According to
Norman Tindale, following R. H. Mathews, the specific areas lands of the Ngarigo covered some , centering on the Monaro tableland. The northern limits lay around
Queanbeyan. It took in the
Bombala River area, and ran south to the vicinity of Delegate and eastwards to
Nimmitabel. Their western reaches extended to the Great Dividing Range of the
Australian Alps.
Socio-economic organisation
The Ngarigo clan and marriage structure consisted of a dual class system with
matrilineality.
The Ngarigo would contact, via notched borne by messengers, other tribes such as the Walgalu and Ngunawal in order to arrange for all to meet up in the Bogong Mountains for the annual feasting off the Bogong moth colonies. , together with initiation ceremonies at a bora ring were also held, and while in the hills, the Ngarigo and other tribes culled plants like mountain celery and Baeckea for medicinal ends, preparing the former as a paste for problems in the urinary tract, the latter as a sedative and cough medicine.
Post-contact history
With their hunting areas being stolen by European colonisers running sheep, many Ngarigo took on occasional labour on
, but the overall population of the Canberra area suffered a drastic reduction as diseases introduced by the Europeans, such as
smallpox,
syphilis,
influenza,
measles and
tuberculosis began to take their toll, so that the demise of the tribes was virtually completed within three generations.
Dispute over the traditional ownership of the Canberra area
Several tribes have been historically associated with the area around Canberra, with conflicting claims arising from the assessment of native title rights among those who descend from the Aboriginal peoples of the region. Descendants of the Ngarigo, Ngunawal and Walgalu have vied to assert primacy.
In 2013, an ACT Government anthropological report was released, which concluded that the struggle between various Aboriginal groups for the mantle of Canberra's "First People" was likely to remain uncertain. The report concluded that evidence gathered from the mid-19th century onward was too scant to support any family's claims.
Alternative names
-
Bemeringal ("mountain men", of the coastal tribes)
-
Bombala tribe
-
Bradjerak/Brajeraq ( bara, "man,"+ djerak, "savage/angry")
-
Cooma tribe
-
Currak-da-bidgee
-
Guramal, Nguramal, Gurmal
-
Menero tribe
-
Murring ("men")
-
Ngaryo (common typo)
Source:
Notable people
Notes
Citations
Sources
