Naxos

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Naxos became the seat of Sanudo's realm, known as the "Duchy of Naxos" or "Duchy of the Archipelago". Twenty-one dukes in two dynasties ruled the Archipelago, until 1566; Venetian rule continued in scattered islands of the Aegean until 1714. Under Venetian rule, the island was called by its Italian name, Nasso.

The Sanudi introduced Western feudal law to the island, based on the Assizes of Romania. However, the native Greek population continued to use Byzantine law for civil matters at least until the late 16th century.

In the 13th century, following the capture of Antalya and Alanya on the southern Anatolian coast by the Seljuk Turks, refugees from these areas settled in Naxos. In the 14th century, the island was once more exposed to raids, this time from the Anatolian Turkish beyliks, chiefly the Aydınids. In turn, the Sanudi assisted the Genoese in capturing Chios in 1304 and the Knights Hospitaller in their conquest of Rhodes in 1309, in order to stop these islands being used as Turkish pirate base. Nevertheless, raids against Naxos are recorded in 1324 and 1326, and in 1341, Umur of Aydın carried off 6,000 people from the island and imposed a payment of tribute. Two years later, however, the Smyrniote crusade captured his main port, Smyrna.

The relief was temporary, however, as Turkish raids recommenced later in the century. The island was so depopulated that Cristoforo Buondelmonti in claimed that there were not enough men to wed the Naxiot women. The rising Ottoman Empire first attacked the island in 1416, but the Sultans recognized Venetian overlordship over the Duchy in successive treaties, in exchange for an annual tribute.

Bernard Randolph, in The Present State of the Islands in the Archipelago (1687, Oxford, pp. 20-21).

Jean de Thévenot, in Travels into the Levant (1687, London, pp. 103–105).

Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, in A Voyage Into the Levant (1718, London, pp. 161–176).

Thomas Bankes et al., in A new royal authentic and complete system of universal geography antient and modern... (1787, London, p. 943).

Edward Daniel Clarke, in Travels in Various Countries (1814, vol. 3, section 2, London, pp. 377–400).

William Martin Leake, in Travels in Northern Greece (1835, vol. 3, London, pp. 93-95).

Theodore Bent, in The Cyclades, or Life Among the Insular Greeks (1885, London, pp. 329–371).

• Pannaxiakos A.O. (sports club)

• Ecumenical Patriarch Anthimus III of Constantinople (1762–1842)
• Ecumenical Patriarch Callinicus III of Constantinople (died 1726)
• Keti Chomata (1946–2010), singer
• Manolis Glezos (1922–2020), rebel, politician, writer
• Giannoulis Fakinos (born 1989), soccer player
• Iakovos Kambanelis (1922–2011), poet, playwright, lyricist and novelist
• Kostas Manolas (born 1991), soccer player
• Stelios Manolas (born 1961), soccer player
• Nikolaos Mykonios, fighter of the Greek War of Independence and officer of the Hellenic Army
• Iakovos Nafpliotis (1864–1942), cantor
• Nicodemus the Hagiorite (1749–1809), saint
• Giorgos Ninios (born 1959), actor
• Michalis Polytarchou, basketball player, Former Captain of AEK Athens BC
• Petros Protopapadakis (1854–1922), Prime Minister of Greece

• Communities of the Cyclades
• Emery (rock), mined on Naxos
• Kitron
• Moutsouna

• Agelarakis, A., "The Naxos Island Archaic Period Necropolis: Archaeological-Anthropology Research Report", Hellenic Antiquities Authority, Archival Report, 2005, Naxos.
• Ernst Curtius, Naxos. Ein Vortrag im wissenschaftlichen Verein zu Berlin 1846 gehalten, neu herausgegeben von Martin Biastoch, Göttingen, 2012.

• Moving Postcards Naxos
• Municipality of Naxos and Small Cyclades
• Photos from Naxos inclusive Tourist-Infos