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Naryn-Kala () is an ancient pre-Arab citadel, part of the Derbent fortress, connected to the Caspian Sea by double walls designed to block the so-called Caspian gates to the Iran.Selim Omarovich Khan-Magomedov. Derbent It is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.Shikhabudin Mikailov. Dagestan in photographs. Moments of history. Epoch, 2012. p. 464 - (Dagestan. Triumph and tragedy). . 100 most beautiful places in Russia. - M.: Eksmo, 2013. pp. 36-98. .
The irregularly shaped citadel occupies an area of 4.5 hectares. Dimensions: approximately 180 meters wide and 255 meters long; the walls are fortified with small towers (at a distance of 20–30 meters from each other) and a gun tower in the southwest. The steep slopes of the mountain provide additional protection from three sides.
Inside the citadel there are baths, a fortress water supply system made of ceramic pipes, the ruins of the Shah's palace, a large entrance portal and part of the walls. Opinions about the existence of an early Christian church of the 4th and 5th centuries - the oldest in Russia - are diverse. The cross-domed room is considered by some experts to be a repository; others note the lack of a water conduit at the bottom and the ground—rather than half underground or subterranean—of the structure, consider the form of construction inconvenient for a reservoir, which was generally rectangular or square in Derbent, and they also note the orientation of the structure to the cardinal points. New era of old Derbent // Moskovsky Komsomolets. 2014. July 21 (No. 154). p. 6. Each wall has three gates, the oldest of which is the Orta Cana (Middle Gate).Trever, Camilla Vasilievna. Essays on the history and culture of Caucasian Albania: IV century BC - 7th century AD. USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow-Leningrad, 1959. p. 419.
Powerful walls with a thickness of , reaching a height of in some areas, make it an impregnable fortress capable of withstanding a heavy and prolonged siege. Citadel "Naryn-Kala", Derbent
From the west, the Derbent walls adjoin the Naryn-Kala citadel, which was built after the 10th century, since before that a signal fire was kindled at this place when the enemy approached.
The fortress known today was built in the 6th century on the Dzhalgan ridge by order of the Persian ruler Khosrow I (531–579) ("Immortal in Soul") from the Sasanian dynasty.
Since 735, Derbent and Naryn-Kala became the military-administrative center of the Caliphate in Dagestan, as well as the largest trading port and the center of the spread of Islam in this land.
As a result of the Caspian campaign, the city of Derbent became part of the Russian Empire. From the dugout, which is now a local landmark, Emperor Peter the Great moved to the Khan's palace, to whom the beys of Derbent presented the city keys on a silver platter covered with Persian brocade (stored in the Kunstkamera of Saint Petersburg) with words.Vasily Potto. From ancient times to Yermolov. Caucasian war. In 5 volumes. Tsentrpoligraf, 2006. Vol. 1. p. 528 p. 3000 copies. .
In some sources, the Derbent fortress was called the "wall of Alexander the Great"Mohammed Muslimovich Kurbanov. The soul and memory of the people: the genre system of Tabasaran folklore and its historical evolution. Dagestan book. publishing house, 1996. p. 232 because of the belief in the legend that it was built by the great conqueror.Boris Nikolaevich Rzhonsnitsky, Boris Yakovlevich Rosen. E. Kh. Lenz. Thought, 1987. pp. 95-152 But Alexander the Great was never at the Derbent gates.Barmankulov M.K. Turkic universe. Bilim, 1996. pp. 62-248
During the Persian expedition of 1796, the fortress was retaken by Russian troops under the leadership of General-in-chief Valerian Zubov, who placed the general headquarters in the citadel.Alexey Shishov. Order of Saint George. All about the most honorable award of the Russian Empire. — M. Yauza, Eksmo, 2013. pp. 227-745.
Archaeological excavations are still underway on the territory of Naryn-Kala. Today, Naryn-Kala is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List and is one of the important sights.Nikolay Protsenko. Very respectable hero of the day. Expert South. 2014. No. 1-2. pp. 50-52.
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