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In Sharia, najis () means ritually unclean. According to Islam, there are two kinds of najis: the essential najis which cannot be cleaned and the unessential najis which become najis while in contact with another najis.
Contact with najis things brings a Muslim into a state of ritual impurity ( najāsa, in opposition to ṭahārah, ritual purity). Ritual purification is then required before religious duties such as regular prayers are performed.
According to the Shafi'i madhhab of Sunni fiqh, as systematised by Al-Nawawi in his book Minhadj, the following things are najis: Khamr and other Alcoholic drink, , Domestic pig, blood, Body fluid, and the milk of animals whose meat is forbidden by Islam. Spirituous drinks are not impure according to the Hanafi school, while living swine and dogs are not impure according to the . There is a difference of opinion as to whether alcoholic drinks are najis.
To the list of impure things enumerated by al-Nawawi, Shi’a jurists traditionally add dead bodies and Kafir.Lewis (1984), p.34
Additionally, meat of any animal which is killed in a manner other than that prescribed by Islam is najis.
Najis things cannot be purified, in contrast to things which are defiled only ( mutanajis), with the exception of wine, which becomes pure when made into vinegar, and of hides, which are purified by tanning.
Not all of these agents can purify every najis. However, among the agents water is the most universal purifying agent while the other agents are limited.
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