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Mitathal is a village and Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) Archaeological sites in the Bhiwani tehsil of the Bhiwani district in the Indian state of Haryana. Part of Hisar division, it lies north of the district headquarters Bhiwani and from the state capital Chandigarh. , the village had 1,448 households with a total population of 7,434 of which 4,002 were male and 3,432 female.
The archaeological site dates to the Sothi-Siswal phase of the Indus Valley Civilisation. It was excavated in 1968 by the archaeologist, Suraj Bhan.
Sothi phase has recently been dated as early as 4600 BC, while Siswal starts at 3800 BC.Garge, T., (2010). Sothi-Siswal Ceramic Assemblage: A Reappraisal. Ancient Asia. 2, pp.15–40. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5334/aa.10203
The earliest period I-A at the site is characterized by the occurrence of both local Chalcolithic pottery (Sothi-Siswal), as well as the classical Harappan pottery. The local pottery dominates the assemblage; it uses both the rotational and non-rotational technique. There are vases of various sizes, jars and bowls. The pottery shows fully developed Sothi-Siswal traits.Akinori Uesugi, Excavations at Mitathal, District Bhiwani (Haryana) 2010-2011. academia.edu
Recent studies have provided a fresh glimpse into this ancient settlement and the surrounding region during the later part of what is commonly termed the Mature Harappan period (ca. 2600-1900 B.C) of the Indus Valley Civilization.
Bhan’s excavations, although small in scale, revealed much about the site and the region. He identified a pre-Mature Harappan phase related to the Kalibangan I. Also he identified an early phase at the site of Harappa, which has been described as a ‘pre-defense’, 'or Kot Diji Phase'. This is also known in Haryana as 'Late Siswal culture'.
This was followed by a continuous sequence going through a Late Harappan phase. Bhan also defined the later Period I and Period II phases as belonging to c. 2000-1900 B.C. and c. 1900-1500 B.C., respectively.
The uppermost level (IIB) was designated the "Mitathal" culture (Late Harappan). Some Siswal/Kalibangan ceramic traditions survived and important finds from this phase include a celt, a parasu or axe, copper harpoon and a copper ring, which are known as Copper Hoards.
Bhan suggested that Indus culture transformed into the Ochre Coloured Pottery culture (OCP) and hinted that the possible genesis of the OCP lay in the Siswal phase (Bhan 1975: 3).
Mitathal’s twin mounds were christened as 1 and 2 by Suraj Bhan. He recorded Mound 1 as being 150 x 130 m in area and 5 m in height, while Mound 2 was 300 x 175 m in area and 3 m above the agricultural fields. The two mounds whose northern periphery was demarcated by a modern irrigation canal (the Dang Minor) were 10 m apart.
On the south, the mound was levelled for nearly and a section of nearly is exposed. Mound 2 has likewise suffered extensive damage. A huge chunk measuring roughly has been lost on its eastern side just in the past few years. Although this ongoing destruction is lamentable, it has provided a wealth of fresh archaeological materials for surface investigation.V.N. Prabhakar, Tejas Garge, Randall Law (2010) Mitathal: New Observations based on Surface Reconnaissance and Geologic Provenance Studies. Man and Environment XXXV (1): 54-61, academia.edu
Ash pits and kilns of considerable size were observed on the northwestern and eastern peripheries of the site. One among these was a feature that is suspected to be a series of faience kilns. Their furnace walls exhibit vitrification indicative of extremely high temperature craft activities.
In his discussion of Indus faience production Kenoyer mentions (1994: 37) the discovery of white rocky quartz at the site of Harappa, which might have been the raw material crushed to make the silica powder. It is found along with the kilns. This, and the unusually large numbers of faience objects suggest that Mitathal might have been a major faience production centre.
Other common surface finds were small bits of copper and some copper-alloy objects such as bangle fragments.
Broken pieces and a few complete examplessee Shinde et al. 2008, Fig. 87 of stone querns and mullers were also abundant. The large majority of these stone artefacts were composed of a reddish-coloured quartzite with distinctive thin black seams.
"The seal recovered is rectangular in shape, trapezoidal in section and inscribed on one side. The surviving portion measures 15.50 x 14.51 mm. The section of the top and bottom suggests that it was, when complete, convex backed with a perforated hole through the width. Seals of this type were used at the site of Harappa only during Period 3C (Meadow and Kenoyer 2001: 27) and this surface is dated to ca. 2100-1900 BC or the later part of what is commonly called the Mature Harappan Phase of the Indus Valley Civilization."V.N. Prabhakar, Tejas Garge, Randall Law (2010) Mitathal: New Observations based on Surface Reconnaissance and Geologic Provenance Studies. Man and Environment XXXV (1): 54-61, academia.edu
Wide context of the artifacts found at Mitathal is related to the following:
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