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The Mawsillu (; ; ) was one of the great Turkmen tribes composing the Aq Qoyunlu confederation. It was one of the most active Turkic tribes that operated during the Aq Qoyunlu and Safavid dynasty, and one of the Turkmen tribes that formed the Qizilbash. The Mosul tribe, more commonly referred to as Turkmen in the Safavid Empire, originated from the region of Mosul.
After the defeat of Uzun Hasan's brother Üveys in 1475, the city of Urfa was given to the Mosul tribe.
The Mosul tribe played an important role in the formation of the Safavid Empire. Shah Ismail married twice to women from the Mosul tribe, who held a significant place in the Qizilbash administrative system, and the mother of his successor, Tahmasp I, also belonged to this tribe. Furthermore, Tahmasp I's wife was from this tribe, and his two sons who succeeded him, Ismail II and Muhammad Khudabanda, were born from her. Thus, the paternal grandmother of one of the most powerful rulers of the Safavids, Abbas I, also belonged to this tribe.Walter Heintz Keykavos Jahandari (1992). 9789644453472, Elmi va farhangi publications. ISBN 9789644453472 After Tahmasp I's death, there was turmoil in the Safavid court, and during the struggle for the throne between two princes, Heydar Mirza and Ismail Mirza, Ismail's mother from the Mosul tribe supported Ismail Mirza. Additionally, during the reign of Mohammad Khodabanda, the Mosul-Turkmen tribe rebelled and demanded punishment for the killers of Amir Khan Mosul-Turkmen, especially the Shamlu and Ustajlu chiefs. Hemza Mirza, who effectively ruled the empire at that time, firmly rejected their demands. Initially supported by the Tekelis, the Mosulis initially sought the killing of the Ustajlu and Rumlu chiefs, especially Aliqoli Khan. After Hemza Mirza rejected their demands, they only wanted the exiling of certain individuals to distant places. Their demands were also rejected by the determined crown prince. However, the Mosulis and the Tekelis did not want to fight against him, instead proposing to use their forces against the Ottoman garrison in Tabriz. But this time, representatives of the Qajar dynasty, Afsharid dynasty, and S tribes, who were with Hemza Mirza, expressed their dissatisfaction with the prince's stubborn behavior, claiming that some of his chiefs caused discord among the Qizilbash tribes to protect certain emirs. But Hamza Mirza personally attacked them and killed their leaders. In response, the Mosul-Turkmans and the Tekelis smuggled his 10-year-old brother, Tahmasb Mirza, out of the palace and proclaimed him shah in the capital, Qazvin. Despite being outnumbered, Hamza Mirza defeated them in battle. The leaders of the uprising, Muhammad Khan Turkman and Musayib Khan Tekeli, were captured, while the Vali Khan perished during the battle.
Anvar Chingizoglu writes that with the establishment of the Safavid Empire, the Mosulis, joining forces with the nomads, began to be called Turkmen, and they were included in the list of Qizilbash tribes. However, there have been those who were not included in this list. He states that from the time of Ismail I, Baghdad was governed by these Mosulis or Turkmen nomads, and adds that Ismail I specifically addressed them in his poem:
"As the Arab's settlement diminishes, his dwelling decreases,
In Baghdad, whoever can, the Turkman seizes."
There have also been branches of the Mosul tribe named Bektashi and Gülabil. Chingizoglu mentions that a large branch of the Mosul tribe settled in Mugan and Karabakh and later became known as Tekelis.
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