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The Manikya dynasty was the ruling house of the and later the princely Tripura State, what is now the state of . Ruling since the early 15th century, the dynasty at its height controlled a large swathe of the north-east of the Indian subcontinent. After coming under influence, in 1809 they transitioned from feudal monarchs into rulers of a , though the Manikyas maintained control of the region until 1949, when it ascended in union with India.

History
Tracing a descent from the mythological , the royal chronicle records an unbroken line of 144 (likely legendary) monarchs of Tripura up to the ascension of one , who is stated to have become the first Manikya after being granted the cognomen by the . However, it is now believed that the Rajmala had been mistaken in the genealogy and chronology of the initial Manikya rulers. Numismatic evidence suggests that the first historical Manikya was in fact , a chief who founded after establishing dominance over neighbouring tribes in the early 1400s. This monarch then took the title "Manikya" in honour of a historic victory over Bengal, with the name being inherited by his descendants.

Maha Manikya's early successors achieved considerable military success, conquering territory in Bengal, and . Tripura reached its zenith in the 16th century under such prominent kings as and Vijaya Manikya II, with its lands stretching from the in the north to the Bay of Bengal in the south. As monarchs of a Hindu kingdom, the Manikyas developed a rivalry with the successive Muslim rulers of Bengal, coming into conflict with , governors and before being brought under suzerainty in the early 17th century. As Mughal power waned, the antagonism with Bengal re-erupted, which drove the Manikyas to first approach the for aid. In 1761, Tripura succumbed to British influence, becoming a princely protectorate, though control of the region remained under the Manikya dynasty.

In 1870, Bir Chandra Manikya ascended the throne and began a series of political reforms to his kingdom, modelling his government on the British system. A lover of the , was adopted by the court under his rule and he developed a friendship with the poet, Rabindranath Tagore. After Tripura was briefly incorporated into the province of Eastern Bengal and Assam at the beginning of the 20th century, the last Manikya monarch, Maharaja Bir Bikram Kishore, chose to come under the jurisdiction of the predominantly Hindu Dominion of India in 1947. The final ascension of Tripura into the modern nation was signed by his widow, Kanchan Prava Devi, in place of the minor Kirit Bikram Kishore, bringing to an end five centuries of Manikya rule.

List of rulers
Rulers of the Manikya dynasty (1400 – 1949)
14001431
Dharma Manikya I14311462Son of
Ratna Manikya I14621487Son of Dharma Manikya I
14871487Son of Ratna Manikya I
Vijaya Manikya I14881488Possibly son of
14891489Son of Ratna Manikya I
14901515Son of Ratna Manikya I
15151520Son of
15201530Son of
Indra Manikya I15301532Son of
Vijaya Manikya II15321563Son of
15631567Son of Vijaya Manikya II
Udai Manikya I15671573Father-in-law of Claimed the throne following the death of his predecessor, briefly supplanting the ruling dynasty with his own line.
Joy Manikya I15731577Son of
15771586Son of Restored the Manikya dynasty after killing his predecessor.
Rajdhar Manikya I15861600Son of
16001600Possibly son of or Rajdhar Manikya I
Yashodhar Manikya16001618Son of Rajdhar Manikya IMonarchy temporarily overthrown by the .
16261660Descendant of From a cadet branch of the dynasty. Elected as monarch after Mughal interregnum.
16601661Son of First reign
16611667Son of
16671676Son of Second reign
16761685Son of
Ratna Manikya II16851693Son of First reign
16931695Grandson of
Ratna Manikya II16951712Son of Second reign
17121714Son of
Dharma Manikya II17141725Son of First reign
17251729Great-grandson of
Dharma Manikya II17291729Son of Second reign
17291739Son of
Joy Manikya II17391744Great-great-grandson of First reign
Indra Manikya II17441746Son of
Udai Manikya II Son of Dharma Manikya IIBriefly laid claim to the throne during a power struggle between his relatives.
Joy Manikya II17461746Great-great-grandson of Second reign
Vijaya Manikya III17461748Brother of Joy Manikya II, great-great-grandson of
??Grandson of Dharma Manikya IIRuled as a puppet-monarch under for three years before the latter took the throne for himself.
17601783Son of
Rajdhar Manikya II17851806Grandson of
Rama Ganga Manikya18061809Son of Rajdhar Manikya IIFirst reign
18091813Son of
Rama Ganga Manikya18131826Son of Rajdhar Manikya IISecond reign
Kashi Chandra Manikya18261829Son of Rajdhar Manikya II
Krishna Kishore Manikya18291849Son of Rama Ganga Manikya
Ishan Chandra Manikya18491862Son of Krishna Kishore Manikya
Bir Chandra Manikya18621896Son of Krishna Kishore Manikya
Radha Kishore Manikya18961909Son of Bir Chandra Manikya
Birendra Kishore Manikya19091923Son of Radha Kishore Manikya
Bir Bikram Kishore Manikya19231947Son of Birendra Kishore Manikya
Kirit Bikram Kishore Manikya19471949Son of Bir Bikram Kishore Manikya
Titular (1949 – 1971)
Kirit Bikram Kishore Manikya19491971 (title abolished)Son of Bir Bikram Kishore Manikya

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