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Mangalia (, ), ancient Callatis (; other historical names: Pangalia, Panglicara, Tomisovara), is a municipiu and a port on the coast of the Black Sea in the south-east of Constanța County, Northern Dobruja, Romania.
The municipality of Mangalia also administers several summertime seaside resorts: Cap Aurora, Jupiter, Neptun, Olimp, Saturn, and Venus.
The Macedonians invaded the area from 339 BC against which Callatis and the nearby Greek cities revolted leading to the siege of the city in 313-311 by Lysimachus and its reoccupation.Diodorus XIX, 73
In 72 BC, Callatis was conquered by the Roman general Lucullus and was assigned to the Roman province of Moesia Inferior. Throughout the 2nd century AD, the city built defensive fortifications and the minting of coinage under the Roman emperors Septimius Severus and Caracalla continued. Callatis suffered multiple invasions in the 3rd century but recovered in the 4th century to regain its status as an important trade hub and port city.Michael Grant, A Guide to the Ancient World, New York: Barnes and Noble Books 1997, p. 140. From the 7th to the 11th century the city was under the rule of the First Bulgarian Empire.
Callatis existed until the mid-7th century under this name. Life in the town resumed from the 10th century. In the 13th century Callatis came to be known as Pangalia.Preda, C. 1968: Callatis. Bucharest. The Vlachs called it Tomisovara and the Greeks called it Panglicara. From the 16th century the town had acquired its present name, Mangalia.
Between March and July 1878 the city of Mangalia was part of Bulgaria according to the Treaty of San Stefano. In July 1878 the Congress of Berlin modified the Treaty of San Stefano. According to Article XLVI the Bulgaria–Romania border in Dobrudja was defined as "a line starting from the east of Silistra and terminating on the Black Sea, south of Mangalia."
Mangalia is characterized by a moderate maritime climate (annual average temperature - one of the highest in Romania) with hot summers (July average over ) and mild winters (January average ), Mangalia being the country's second place, after Băile Herculane, with positive average temperatures in wintertime. Spring comes early but is cool and autumn is long and warm. In summer, cloudiness is reduced (about 25 sunny days in a month) and the duration of sunshine is of 10–12 hours a day. Annual precipitation is low (about ).
The sea breeze is stronger in summer. The natural cure factors are the water of the Black Sea, which is chlorided, sulphated, sodic, magnesian, hypotonic (mineralization 15.5g), the sulphurous, chlorided, bicarbonated, sodic, calcic, mesothermal (21-28 °C) mineral waters of the springs in the northern part of the city, in the area of the beach between Saturn and Venus, the sulphurous peat mud, rich in minerals, which is extracted from the peat bog north of the city (expected to last another 250 years) and the marine climate, rich in saline aerosols and solar radiation that have a bracing effect on the organism.
The resort has a large, fine-sand beach developed for purposes of aeroheliotherapy and wave therapy, as well as high seawalls with a specific microclimate where one may benefit from of saline Particulate having therapeutic effects.
At the 2011 census Mangalia had a population of 36,364 with a majority of Romanians (82.4%) and minorities of Turks (4.05%), Tatars (3.25%), Romani people (0.45%), Lipovans (0.32%), Hungarians (0.23%), others (0.14%) and unknown (9.16%).
According to the religion of the respondents for whom data is available, 89.5% were Romanian Orthodox, 8.3% Muslim, 0.9% Roman Catholic, 0.3% Pentecostal, and 1% other or none.
The Mangalia Municipal Council, elected in the 2020 local government elections, is made up of 19 councilors, with the following party composition:
| National Liberal Party (PNL) | 10 | |||||||||||
| PSD+ALDE+PNȚCD | 5 | |||||||||||
| Ecologist Party of Romania (PER) | 3 | |||||||||||
| PRO Romania (PRO) | 1 |
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