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Malang (; , ), historically known as Tumapel, is an inland city in the province of East Java. It has a history dating back to the age of the Singhasari. It is the second most populous city in the province, with a population of 820,043 at the 2010 CensusBiro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and 843,810 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as of mid-2024 was 889,359 (comprising 442,076 males and 447,283 females).Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, Kota Malang Dalam Angka 2025 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3573) The Malang Metropolitan area (Greater Malang) was home to 3,061,970 inhabitants in 2024, spread across two cities (Malang itself and Batu) and 22 districts (21 in Malang Regency and one in Pasuruan Regency). Malang is the third largest city by economy in East Java, after Surabaya and Kediri, with an estimated 2016 GDP at Rp. 44.30 trillion.
The city is well known for its mild climate. During Dutch colonization, it was a popular destination for European residents. Even now, Malang still holds its position as a popular destination for international tourists. Malang keeps various historical relics. This city keeps relics of the Kingdom of Kanjuruhan period until the Dutch period. The existence of Dutch heritage in general is in the form of ancient buildings such as the Kayutangan church and Ijen Cathedral which employ Gothic architecture. Malang also holds various events to preserve its cultural heritage, one of which is Malang Tempo Doeloe Festival. There is also a lot of historical heritage which has become a landmark like Tugu Malang ( Alun-alun Bundar). Additionally, Malang is well-known because of its label as an educational city. Two of the best universities in Indonesia are in Malang, namely Brawijaya University and Malang State University.
Malang has various ethnic groups and cultures from all over Indonesia and the world. The population of Malang comprised 889,359 people in mid-2024, with a majority of Javanese people, followed by the Madurese people, and Chinese or Peranakan. Malang extended urban area, notable known as Malang Raya, is the second largest in East Java after Gerbangkertosusila (Surabaya Metropolitan Area). From the perspective of Javanese culture, the majority of Malang people belong to Arekan Javanese culture.
Malang was spared many of the effects of the Asian financial crisis, and since that time, it has been marked by steady economic and population growth.Duncan Graham, ' Malang: Not an unfortunate city', The Jakarta Post, 17 February 2013.
The first hypothesis refers to the name of a holy building called Malangkuçeçwara (). The sacred building is referred to in two Balitung King inscriptions from Medang Kingdom, namely the Mantyasih Inscription in 907 AD and the Inscription of 908 AD.M. A. Mihaballo, H. Susanto, & Sriyana (2013). The Miracle of Language, Jakarta: Elex Media Computindo. pp. 201–202 Experts still have not obtained an agreement on where the building is located. On the one hand, there are a number of experts who say that the Malangkuçeçwara building is located in the Mount Buring area, a mountain that stretches east of Malang, where one of its peaks named "Malang". Others, on the other hand, suspect that the actual location of the sacred building is in the Tumpang area, Malang Regency. In the area, there is a village called Malangsuka, which, according to historians, comes from the word Malangkuça () which is pronounced upside down. This opinion is reinforced by the existence of ancient relics around Tumpang, such as Jago Temple and Kidal Temple, which are in the territory of the Singhasari.
The Malangkuçeçwara name consists of 3 words, namely mala, which means falsehood, cheating, falsehood, and evil, angkuça ( which means to destroy or destroy, and içwara () which means God. Therefore, Malangkuçeçwara means "God has destroyed the vanity".Makna Lambang – Pemerintah Kota Malang,' Pemerintah Kota Malang
diakses pada 21 September 2017
The second hypothesis refers to the story of the assault of the Mataram Sultanate forces in Malang in 1614, led by Tumenggung Alap-Alap.A. P. Rianto (2016), Perancangan Konsep Art Game Bergenre Fantasi Malangkucecwara The Ruins of War. Skripsi. Tidak diterbitkan. Yogyakarta: Institut Seni Indonesia. P. 50 According to folklore, there was a conversation between Tumenggung Alap-Alap and one of his assistants regarding the condition of Malang before the attack began. The assistant from Tumenggung Alap-Alap mentioned residents and soldiers from the area as residents who "blocked the halangi" ("Malang" in Javanese) from the arrival of Mataram troops. After the conquest, the Mataram forces named the area of the conquest as Malang.W. Siswanto & S. Noersya (2008). Cerita Rakyat dari Malang (Jawa Timur). Jakarta: Grasindo. pp. 1–8
When the ancient lake had not dried up, Civilization was still in the early to advanced stages of Hunting and Collecting. The settlements are still on the slopes of mountains and mountains that surround Malang in the form of natural caves. Therefore, it is understandable that the discovery of artifacts in the Paleolithic and Mesolithic period is found in mountainous areas, such as on the slopes of Mount Kawi, Arjuno-Welirang, Tengger, Semeru and the Southern Karst Mountains.Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Kota Malang (2013). Wanwacarita, Kesejarahan Desa-Desa Kuno di Kota Malang. Malang : Penerbit Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Kota Malang. pp. 34–36
Malang ancient lake gradually dried up in the Holocene era and caused the Malang region to become a plateau in Malang. When it began to enter the Agriculture, early humans began to descend from the mountains and make a number of settlements and agricultural areas. The discovery of a number of artifacts in the form of two square pickaxes, chalcedony stone tools and hand-held andesite axes on the east side of Mount Kawi in the Kacuk area around the Metro and Brantas River streams reinforced this assumption. 8 In addition, the study estimates that the forms of occupancy in the transitional period were in the form of a stilt house, where the body of the house was supported by the legs of the house and was several meters above the ground. This is reinforced by the discovery of artifacts in the form of "Watu Gong" or "Watu Kenong" in Dinoyo, Lowokwaru, Malang, whose forms are similar to traditional musical instruments, namely gong, which are actually swear or foundation of a stilt house. The growth of settlements around the river flowing in Malang became the forerunner of the ancient civilizations of the Homo sapiens.Pemerintah Kotamadya Malang (1964). Kotapradja Malang 50 Tahun. Malang : Seksi penerbitan 50 Tahun Kotapradja Malang.
When the capital Mataram was moved to the Tamwlang and Watugaluh (Jombang Regency) areas during the reign of Mpu Sindok (929–948 AD), several inscriptions such as Sangguran, Turyyan, Gulung-Gulung, Linggasutan, Jeru-Jeru, Tija, Kanuruhan, Muncang, and Wurandungan describes a number of tax liability policies for sima (civil villages) in Malang and a number of land grant processes to build Hindu temple.'Daftar Tahun Sejarah Malang I,' Ngalam.id (daring), 21 Januari 2014, http://ngalam.id/read/122/daftar-tahun-sejarah-malang-i/, diakses pada 8 Januari 2019
Malang again became an important area in the history of Panjalu or Janggala when King Jayabhaya of Panjalu conquered Janggala. In the Hantang Inscription (1057 Saka / 1135 AD), it is written Panjalu Jayati (" Panjalu Menang"), signifying Panjalu's victory over Jenggala. The inscription also included the granting of special privileges to several villages in Hantang (Ngantang, Malang Regency) and its surroundings for their services in favor of Panjalu during the war.'Prasasti Hantang, Hadiah Raja Jayabhaya untuk Warga Ngantang,' Ngalam.co
, diakses pada 9 Januari 2019 This inscription also shows that the Malang region is under the authority of Panjalu.
The Kamulan Inscription (1116 Saka / 1194 AD) records the events of the attack of an area from the east of Daha (Kadiri) against King Kertajaya (in the Pararaton called Dandang Gendhis) who resided in the Katang-Katang Kedaton.'Prasasti Kamulan Kabupaten Trenggalek,' Situs Budaya
diakses pada 9 Januari 2019 There is no further research on whether the attack was a rebellion or attempted conquest. However, the existence of the Kamulan Inscription shows that there was a new political force that emerged to oppose Panjalu's power. This argument is reinforced by the existence of the Sukun Inscription (1083 Saka / 1161 AD) which mentions a king named Jayamerta who gave special rights to Sukun Village (allegedly in Sukun Sub-District, District Sukun, Malang) for fighting enemies.Suwardono, S. Rosmiayah, dan Maskur (1997), Monografi Sejarah Kota Malang, Malang: Sigma Media Jayamerta has never been stated explicitly or implicitly in various records that refer to information regarding both the list of rulers of Kediri Kingdom and Janggala. Some historians such as Agus Sunyoto mention that the area of origin of the resistance was named Purwa or Purwwa. This was supported by Sunyoto's argument when referring to all Majapahit rulers as descendants of Ken Arok who "... drained his seed into the world through teja which emanated from" secrets "Ken Dedes, naraiswari ... Purwa Kingdom."A. Sunyoto (2004), Sang Pembaharu: Perjuangan dan Ajaran Syaikh Siti Jenar. Yogyakarta: LKIS Pelangi Aksara. p. 32 "Naraiswari (or nareswari / Ardanareswari) himself in Sanskrit means "the main woman" and Ken Dedes himself is the daughter of Mpu Purwa, a Brahmin from Panawijyan (Kelurahan Polowijen, Kecamatan Blimbing, Malang). In the end the resistance effort from the area which was said to be named Purwa / Purwwa was successfully crushed by Kediri Kingdom.
Some historians attribute the series of events of resistance and crackdown to the socio-political context of the two conflicts involving King Kertajaya and the Brahmin class. The first is the policy of King Kertajaya who tried to reduce a number of rights from the Brahmana class. Some folklore shows that King Kertajaya wanted to be "worshiped" by the Brahmins so that it was contrary to the religious teachings of the Brahmins. The second is the kidnapping of Ken Dedes by Tunggul Ametung, akuwu (equivalent to sub-district head) for the Tumapel region.'Kerajaan Purwwa,' Ngalam.id (daring), 29 Oktober 2012, http://ngalam.id/read/98/kerajaan-purwwa/, diakses pada 9 Januari 2019 According to Blasius Suprapto, the location of Tumapel itself was in an area formerly called Kutobedah (now called Kotalama, Kedungkandang, Malang).B. Suprapta (2015), Makna Gubahan Ruang Situs-Situs Hindhu-Buddha Masa Sinhasari Abad XII Sampain XIII Masehi di Saujana Dataran Tinggi Malang dan Sekitarnya. Disertasi. Tidak Dipublikasikan. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada The implication of the two conflicts was the withdrawal of political support from the Brahmana class against Raja Kertajaya.
, diakses pada 11 Januari 2019 Kidjo Rejo area (Kidal Village, District Tumpang, Malang Regency), where Raja Anusapati was worshiped in Candi Kidal, and the Tumpang area where Raja Wisnuwardhana was dharma in Jago Temple. Another legacy is the spring of Watugede in Watugede Village, Singosari District, Malang Regency. According to Agus Irianto, the bathing staff of Watugede, Pararaton wrote that this place was often used by Ken Dedes and other prospective women to clean the body. The village elders also believe that in this place Ken Arok also saw the light emanating from the body of Ken Dedes as a sign that he was a nareswari.D. A. Pitaloka, 'Jejak Singosari dan Majapahit di Malang.' Historia
diakses pada 22 Januari 2019
During the leadership of Raja Kertanegara, the Kingdom of Singhasari faced a rebellion by Jayakatwang from the bracelet area (around Madiun).A. C. Irapta & C. D. Duka (2005). Introduction to Asia: History, Culture, and Civilization. Quezon: Rex Bookstore, Inc. Jayakatwang himself is the great-grandson of Raja Kertajaya according to Nagarakretagama and nephew of Raja Wisnuwardhana (from the lineage of women) according to the Mula Malurung Inscription.S. Muljana (1979). Negarakertagama dan Tafsir Sejarahnya. Jakarta: Bhratara The rebellion killed Raja Kertanegara, the last king of Singhasari, due to his territory having no defense when most of his military was sent for the Pamalayu.M. Rossabi (1989). Khubilai Khan: His Life and Times. Berkeley: University of California Press. Jayakatwang easily occupied the capital, took power and moved the center of government to his ancestral land, Kediri Kingdom.G. Coedès (1968). The Indianized states of Southeast Asia. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. p. 199
In the Majapahit government structure according to the Waringin Pitu Inscription (AD 1447), the Malang region is included in the Bhumi or the Capital city of empire. He is a nagara (provincial equivalent) named Tumapel which is led by a rajya (governor) or natha (master) or bhre (nobleman / prince) —such as .F. F. Wasitaatmadja (2018). Spiritualisme Pancasila. Jakarta: Prenada Media. pp. 44–45
Negarakertagama also recorded Hayam Wuruk visit to several places in the Malang region in 1359 AD.H. Sidomulyo (2007). Napak Tilas Perjalanan Mpu Prapanca. Jakarta: Wedatama Widya Sastra. According to Yudi Anugrah Nugroho, the tour was part of a series of trips by King Hayam Wuruk to review the development around Lumajang Regency. This visit is usually done when the harvest period is over.Y. A. Nugraha, 'Perjalanan Ziarah Raja Majapahit,' Historia
diakses pada 22 Januari 2019 There are at least two contexts of the tour, namely recreation and pilgrimage.T. G. T. Pigeaud (1963). Java in the 14th Century : A Study in Cultural History : The Nāgara-Kertāgama by Rakawi, Prapañca of Majapahit, 1365 A.D. Vol V: Glossary, general index. Den Haag: Martinus Nijhoff. Meskipun argumen Pigeaud hanya berfokus pada aspek rekreatif dari lawatan tersebut, tidak dipungkiri bahwa terdapat pula aspek rekreatif. For the recreational context, the first place was Kasuranggan Park in the Sumberawan area (Toyomarto Village, District Singosari, Malang Regency). It was here that King Hayam Wuruk built a stupa as a place of worship for Buddhism so that it became the Sumberawan Temple as it is now.A. J. B. Kempers (1959). Ancient Indonesian Art. Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press. The second is Kedung Biru. Some historians connect Kedung Biru with the location now called Dusun Biru, Gunungrejo Village, Singosari, Malang Regency. It is called kedung (meaning: ravine) because it is on the edge of a cliff near the Klampok River. In addition to the recreational place of Raja Hayam Wuruk, it is said that this place is a sanctuary for kris made by Mpu Gandring and other Weapon. The third is the Bureng area identified as the Wendit natural bath in Mangliawan Village, District Pakis, Malang Regency.
For the context of pilgrimage, King Hayam Wuruk visited several heritage temples of the Singhasari Kingdom which aimed to dharma the ancestors (Rajasa dynasty). Some of the temples visited include Kidal Temple (in honor of Anusapati), Jago Temple (in honor of King Wisnuwardhana), and Candi Singasari (in honor of Raja Kertanegara). Especially for Singasari Temple, there is debate about whether it was built during the reign of Singhasari or Majapahit Kingdom. Because, according to the National Library of the Republic of Indonesia, Singosari Temple was built around 1300 AD (the reign of King Raden Wijaya) as a temple of respect, if not dharma, Raja Kertanegara along with Jawi Temple.Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia, 'Candi Singosari,' Kepustakaan Candi (daring), http://candi.perpusnas.go.id/temples/deskripsi-jawa_timur-candi_singasari , diakses pada 22 Januari 2019 However, there is an argument which states that this temple was being built during the reign of King Kertanegara itself as a public worship temple. The consequence of this last argument is that the construction of the temple was not completed due to the occupation of Singhasari by Jayakatwang.
The Malang region (Tumapel) became one of the objects of political conflict when the Regreg war erupted (1404–1406). This area is claimed by Aji Rajanata, Bhre Wirabhumi II (Blambangan, Banyuwangi). However, the claim was opposed by Manggalawardhana, Bhre Tumapel II, who was still the son of King Hayam Wuruk. Therefore, this area is considered as the frontline of the battle involving Majapahit (West) and Blambangan ('East Majapahit). However, because Regreg war was won by Wikramawardhana, Tumapel returned to Majapahit power.
When the Majapahit Kingdom received Zheng He from China (Ming dynasty) in 1421 AD, he agreed with King Wikramawardhana (1389–1429 AD) to place Ma Hong Fu and Ma Yung Long as ambassadors of the Ming dynasty at Tumapel.D. Mashad (2014). Muslim Bali: Mencari Kembali Harmoni yang Hilang. Jakarta: Pustaka Al-Kautsar This can be attributed to Admiral Cheng Ho's diplomatic efforts to ensure the security of ethnic Chinese in the Majapahit region. During the Paregreg war (1406), around 170 delegates from the Ming dynasty were sent by Admiral Cheng Ho to re-establish diplomatic relations between China and Majapahit after the conflict of the Jayakatwang-Raden Wijaya-Kublai Khan in the era of transition from Singhasari to Majapahit. However, all the envoys were massacred by King Wikramawardhana who could not distinguish their arrival status as an enemy or not. The role of Admiral Cheng Ho was also significant for the Malang region (Tumapel) in 1432 when he was with his subordinates, Gan Eng Cu and (Duke ( Bhre) of Arya Teja I of Tuban) and his younger brother, Gan Eng Wan, helped Ratu Maharani Sri Suhita (1429–1447 AD ) to unite Daha (Kadiri) and Tumapel after internal conflict. For his services, Bro Eng Wan was given the title Raden Arya Suganda was appointed as an official at Tumapel.
, diakses pada 23 Januari 2019
According to Babad ing Gresik (Chronicles of Gresik), the kingdom had tried to attack the Lamongan Regency and Gresik Regency areas in 1535. However, the efforts of Arya Terung were unsuccessful, if not failed to maintain their occupation of the two regions.'Kerajaan Sengguruh,' Ngalam.id (daring), 20 November 2012, http://ngalam.id/read/152/kerajaan-sengguruh/ diakses pada 23 Januari 2019 In fact, according to the records in Tedhak Dermayudan, after the failure of the conquest, Arya Terung adopted Islam and spread Islamic studies throughout Sengguruh. As a result, the Majapahit sympathizers led by Raden Pramana rebelled and made the Arya Terung flee north around the lower reaches of the Brantas River. With the help of Sultan Trenggana who had conquered the former capital of the Singhasari in 1545. Sengguruh succeeded in quelling the rebellion. Raden Pramana fled towards Blambangan. In Serat Kanda, Sultan Trenggana once again appointed Arya Terung as Duke of Sengguruh which was under the Demak Sultanate. In addition, the Malang area after the conquest of Sultan Trenggana changed to Kutho Bedah ("The Destructed City").Amiany (2005). Perkembangan Struktur Ruang Kota Malang Tahun 1767–2001. Skripsi. Tidak diterbitkan. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada Sengguruh Kingdom remains in the form of ruins in Sumedang Hamlet, Jenggala Village (on the west side of Sengguruh Village), District Kepanjen, Malang Regency.
Chinese businessman, investor, and philanthropist Tan Kah Kee who's based in Singapore before the war. He was responsible for gathering much financial support from the community to aid China in the war. I fled to Malang and went hidden until the war is over. In 1943, while he was in Java, Tan began writing his memoirs, The Memoirs of an Overseas Chinese of the Southern Ocean (南僑回憶錄; 南侨回忆录; Nánqiáo Huíyìlù), which later became an important document of the history of the overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia.
Along with growth came urbanization. The government could not satisfy the population's needs for affordable housing, which led to the building of shanty towns along the rivers and rail tracks. Today, the shanty towns still exist; although some have been transformed into "better" housing.
The parts of Malang have their own characteristics so that they are well-suited for various activities. The southern part of Malang is a large enough plateau that is suitable for industry, the northern part is a fertile highland that is suitable for agriculture, the eastern part is a plateau with less fertile soil, and the western part is a vast plateau and is now an educational area.
Malang City is passed by one of the longest rivers in Indonesia and the second longest in Java after Solo River, the Brantas River whose source is located on the slopes of Mount Arjuno in the northwest of the city. The second longest river in Malang is the Metro River through Malang in Karangbesuki village, Sukun subdistrict.
The city of Malang is located at a plateau. The city lies at an altitude between 440 and 667 metres above sea level. The city's highest point is in CitraGarden City Malang, a real estate development, while the lowest area of Malang is in the Dieng area.
The city of Malang, together with the surrounding districts of Malang Regency, is surrounded by mountains and . The city is surrounded by Arjuno-Welirang in the north; Mount Semeru to the east; Mount Kawi and Mount Butak in the west; Mount Kelud in the south. The popular active volcano Mount Bromo is about 25 km (16 miles) east of the city, and in November 2010, the airport was closed for nearly a week due to airborne ash from an eruption.
Malang is divided into five districts ( kecamatan), tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2020 Census. The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages or subdistricts (urban kelurahan) in each district, and their postal codes.
| { class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:84%;" | + Districts of Malang by area and population |
| 65121 – 65126 | |
| 65111 – 65119 | |
| 65132 – 65139 | |
| 65146 – 65149 | |
| 65141 – 65145 | |
| 65111 – 65149 |
The names of the kelurahan are as follows:
Many buildings of worship still stand from their construction in the colonial era. For example, the City of Malang Grand Mosque ( Masjid Agung Jami Kota Malang — مسجد ملانغ الكبير) in Malang City Square ( Alun-alun Kota Malang); the Catholic Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus ( Gereja Katolik Hati Kudus Yesus) in Kayutangan; Saint Mary from Mount Carmel Cathedral ( Gereja Ijen or Katedral Santa Maria dari Gunung Karmel) on Jalan Ijen, which is the seat for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Malang; the Immanuel Protestant Church in Alun-alun; and Eng An Kiong Confucian Temple ( Klenteng Eng An Kiong — 永安宮廟) in Jl. Laksamana Martadinata No. 1 Malang.
Malang is famous for being a center of religious education. This is evident with the existence of many Islamic schools (madrasahs and pesantren) and Christian bible seminaries. Malang has several convents and monasteries: Carmel Monastery, Ursuline Convent, Misericordia monastery, Monastery of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart Brothers, Convent of the Sisters of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Monastery Mission Congregatio Brother, Brother Abbey Projo, Passionist Monastery, and several others.
Many native Malang youths adopt a dialect that is called " Boso Walikan". This is a form of language game that consists of reversing the pronunciation of the words, e.g. "Malang" becomes "Ngalam".
Malang implements a system of creative economy. This can be proved by the high role of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in the economy. The city government continues to encourage the development of MSMEs, among them by holding various Trade fair and . In addition to MSMEs, applications and digital games were made subsectors of the application of creative economy. Indirectly, this creative economy also increases the human development of Malang City.
In 2016, the economy of Malang grew by 5.61%. This rapid economic growth is being boosted by tourism. In addition, rapid economic growth was contributed by MSMEs, industry and trade.
Inflation in Malang is very low. In September 2017, Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) noted that inflation in Malang was 0.05%. The underlying cause of inflation is the rise in the general consumer price index. Although low, Malang's inflation rate was once the highest in East Java, that is in July 2017 with inflation of 0.30%.
On 28 May 2006, a blow-out occurred during drilling for an exploration of natural gas in Porong, Sidoarjo Regency. The blow-out initially produced of mud flow per day. 18 months after the incident, the mudflow is estimated to be per day. This ongoing mudflow has forced the closure of the Porong-Gempol toll road in East Java, which effectively cut off the transport line from Surabaya to Malang. In mid-2015, a new highway — Gempol-Pandaan Toll Road — opened for the public to ease transport from Malang to Surabaya and Pasuruan to Surabaya, vice versa.
The primary public transportation is (most of them are Suzuki Carry), painted blue for legal public use. Those microvans are called Angkot both officially and casually (from Ang kutan = transportation and Kota = city) but some locals prefer to call it by the name Mikrolet. They are operated privately and cheap, around IDR 4,000 each boarding, but the angkots are usually cramped. The Department of Transportation of Malang operates angkots and . Both services serve both the city centre and the suburbs. There are now 25 angkot routes in the city. The school buses began operating on 29 December 2014 and there are now six school buses with six routes. Malang has a large intercity bus terminal, Arjosari, located in Blimbing, North Malang. Gojek and Grab operate in Malang. A protest was held by angkot and taxi drivers opposing these companies on 20 February 2017, leading Gojek to close its office in Malang temporarily.
According to INRIX, Malang is one of the most congested cities in the world with total time spent in a year in congestion of 39.3 hours (20% of total time). According to a Brawijaya University survey, 46.2% of city residents consider congestion in the city to be severe. This congestion also eliminates the convenience of the tourists. The city government has tried to overcome it by planning the development of monorail and underpasses. However, after conducting several comparative studies, the government stated that Malang is unable to build monorails and underpasses because it is very expensive.
To ease commuters from Yogyakarta to Malang vice versa, on 20 May 2012 Malioboro Express (Moleks) has been operated.
Previously, there was a tram system in Malang, but now it is defunct.
Public institutions:
Malang also has two elementary schools, high schools and two international schools, Wesley International School and Bina Bangsa School Malang.
Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital is the largest hospital in the city. The hospital is a referral hospital in southern East Java. Other public hospitals are the Malang City Hospital, Panti Nirmala Hospital, Lavalette Hospital, Hermina Tangkubanprahu Hospital, RSI Malang, and Persada Hospital.
Malang has many teaching hospitals. Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital and University of Brawijaya Hospital accommodate by Faculty of Medicine of University of Brawijaya students. The University of Muhammadiyah Malang Hospital which accommodates Faculty of Medicine's students of the University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
Football is considered a second religion in Malang. The city is home to Arema FC, a popular football club in Indonesia which is also known in the AFC for its internationally acclaimed achievements.
Malang is also home to a thriving transgender ( waria) community headed by Miss Waria Indonesia 2006, Merlyn Sopjan. Many warias work in entertainment industry, or become . However, they still face prejudice and they can't get many employment options.
The most famous historical landmark is the relics of the Dutch era. There are historical objects such as ceramic paintings at Hotel Pelangi, Dutch heritage buildings on Jalan Ijen, and ancient buildings with colonial architecture style. The Jalan Ijen area is one of the legacies of architect Thomas Karsten. The Dutch inherited utilities such as drainage. Small objects such as ancient Dutch guldier money were exhibited in 2013.
Malang symbolizes various things through its monuments. One of them is the historic heritage of Indonesia, namely the MiG-17 Aircraft Monument with the NATO code "Fresco" located on Jalan Soekarno-Hatta. This monument is a symbol of the strength of the Air Force. This aircraft was used during the Trikora and Confrontation Operations. There is also the Statue of Ken Dedes Monument located at the entrance to the northern side of Malang. In Malang there is also a national poet monument, Chairil Anwar, located on Jalan Basuki Rahmat. To symbolize Malang's contemporary history and identity, various monuments were built. Adipura Monument which is located on Jalan Semeru which signifies Adipura achievement by Malang. As Bhumi Arema, there is the Singo Edan Monument located in Taman Bentoel Trunojoyo and the Arema Monument which is located on Jalan Lembang to symbolize the pride of Malang people to their football club, Arema FC.
As one of the most important educational cities since the Dutch East Indies, Malang also has a lot of scientific heritage left behind by European and Indonesian scientists. Among the many museums that leave these relics, there is the Brother Vianney Zoological Museum which contains hundreds of collections of conological specimens and herpetology specimens.
In addition to dance, the city also has art in the form of performances. The most famous show is the Banteng show. This art developed in villages rooted in the history of Singhasari in the district. However, even some areas in the very modern city still have the Bantengan community. This art involves bull ancestors who were summoned by elders. Bantengan is considered unique, but there are local people who oppose it. Malangan Braiding Line is no less exciting. This show is an art performance that displays a group of people who are ready to act with a braid line (piggyback). Sometimes, Jaran Kapan dancers get tranced state.
Culinary tourism in the city was mixed with the Malang Tempo Doeloe Festival. In the festival, a variety of ancient culinary offerings, ranging from cenil, putu, to grendul, were sold. Ancient snacks such as sugar cane, cotton candy, and miller crackers were also sold at the festival. Cotton candy is sold in various forms such as corn, dragons or flowers.
Malang also has a stadium in Klojen, Central Malang, it is known officially as Gajayana Stadium. Currently it is mostly used for major city events and athletics using its running track. There is also a swimming pool, Tennis court, Basketball court, Badminton court and weightlifting Sport venue near the stadium area as Central Sports Center. Another large sports center which goes by the name Rampal Sports Center is located near a military base in Kedungkandang, East Malang.
The city is also home to the professional basketball team Bimasakti Nikko Steel Malang, which plays in the Indonesian Basketball League.
On 1 October 2022 a fatal stampede occurred following a match between Arema F.C. and Persebaya Surabaya. More than 100 fans and two police officers were killed.
The biggest parks in Malang are the Merdeka Square and Tugu Square (Tugu Malang Monument). Merdeka Square is located in front of the Malang Regent's Office and is the oldest square built in 1882. Not only that, Merdeka Square also provides a children playground and a fountain. Tugu Square which is located right in front of the Malang City Hall is decorated by the Tugu Malang, fountains, flowers, ponds with lotuses, typical flowers of Malang, palm trees, and plastic lamps shaped like sunflowers. Although intended for aesthetic elements, the sunflower lights were protested by the local residents because they were considered to be environmentally unfriendly and did not look good.
Some parks are the result of development from CSR funds. One of these is the Slamet Park which was built with CSR funds from Bentoel Group. Bentoel's CSR fund was also used to renovate that park and Taman Trunojoyo. One of the famous parks, the Singha Merjosari Park was also renovated with CSR funds. However, the CSR funds used are funds from telecommunications companies. CSR funds from educational institutions such as the Merdeka Education Foundation that manages the Merdeka Malang University have also provided CSR to revitalize the Dieng Canal Park.
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