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Mahendraparvata () is an ancient city of the era in . The existence of the city has been known for decades, but much of it lay concealed by forest and earth. The city was uncovered by an archaeological expedition led by Jean-Baptiste Chevance and Damian Evans in 2012 with the aid of airborne laser scanning technology called .


Etymology
The name Mahendraparvata means "Mountain of the Great Indra". It is derived from the words ( Great Indra, a title of the god ) and ( mountain) and is a reference to the commonly known as "" today where was consecrated as the first king of the Khmer Empire in 802. The name is attested in inscriptions on the -area temple.


Location
Mahendraparvata is located north of the complex, north of , on the slopes of Phnom Kulen mountain in Siem Reap Province.


Expedition
The multi-year archaeological expedition to find Mahendraparvata was co-led by Damian Evans of University of Sydney and Jean-Baptiste Chevance of London's Archaeology and Development Foundation. The team announced their initial findings in June 2013. A key feature of the expedition was its use of helicopter-mounted technology to scan the area and then map the city layout. The scanning phase involved seven days of helicopter operations. The Lidar results confirmed ground-based research by previous archaeologists. But, according to Chevance, before this they "didn't know how all the dots fitted, exactly how it all came together".

The ground phase of the expedition traversed goat tracks and watery bogs, the team having got to their starting point by motorbike. Hazards included . They initially uncovered five new temples. Eventually, using the Lidar data, thirty previously unidentified temples were discovered. In addition to the temples, their research showed the existence of an elaborate grid-like network of roads, dykes and ponds forming the city. Dr. Evans also noted that expedition imagery shows that the area became deforested, and he theorises that the impact of this, and water management issues, led to the civilisation's decline.


History
The expedition team have dated Mahendraparvata's origins to 802 AD. Thus the city predates by about 350 years.

The city's origins date to the reign of , considered the founder of the . His reign was consecrated on the sacred mountain of Mahendraparvata, known as in contemporary Cambodian.

(1968). 9780824803681, University of Hawaii Press.
The city he founded at Mahendraparvata was one of three capitals, or courts, of Jayavarman II's reign, the others being Amarendrapura and .

The 1936 expedition of French archaeologist and art historian had also explored the Phnom Kulen highlands. He discovered some previously unknown temples and statues and described the area as the first true temple mountain. But the area, while being the source of rivers flowing south to the , was remote. Later in his reign, Jayavarman II moved to Hariharalaya where he died in 835 AD.


Bibliography
  • (2025). 9780520234420, University of California Press.


External links

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