Mahendradatta (961–1011 CE), also known as Gunapriya Dharmapatni, was the queen of Bali and wife of Udayana Warmadewa, also popularly known as King Udayana from Warmadewa dynasty. She was also the mother of Javanese hero-king Airlangga.
Hanna, p.24 Mahendradatta and Udayana co-ruled Bali, issuing inscriptions in both their names. Her other younger sons are Marakata (who later became king of Bali after the death of Udayana) and Anak Wungsu (who ascended to the Balinese throne after the death of Marakata).
She conceived her first son, Airlangga,
in her 30s, quite late of age for women in ancient Java and Bali. However, there is speculation suggesting that Mahendradatta was probably already married before Udayana. Thus Airlangga was not the biological son of King Udayana, he was conceived from her previous union to an unknown man, after her separation (either because of death or divorce) she was later betrothed to the Balinese king, and she took the baby Airlangga to Bali.Historical sources seem to be silenced on Mahendradatta's suspected earlier marriage, that it might be a scandal or not even taken place. This suspicion was because although Airlangga was the eldest son of Mahendradatta, curiously he was not chosen as the crown prince of Bali; his younger brother Marakata and later Anak Wungçu rose to the Balinese throne instead. Moreover, Mahendradatta sent Airlangga back to Java during his teenage. Mahendradatta was known to be promoting the cult of Durga in Bali, and curiously later associated with the Balinese legend of the evil witch Rangda, which translates to "widow".
The Balinese folklore more or less mentions the life story of Mahendradatta linked with the Balinese mythology of Rangda. The story goes that the queen was condemned and exiled by the king for allegedly practicing witchcraft and black magic. After she became a widow, hurt and humiliated, she sought revenge upon her ex-husband's court and the whole of his kingdom. She summoned all the evil spirits in the jungle, the , and the demons that caused plague and death in the kingdom. She proceeded to take her revenge by killing off half the kingdom with pandemic before being overcome by a holy man. Her seemingly bad image in Balinese folklore was might be a reflection of her actual life, that her marriage went poorly, or motivated by Balinese court politics to discredit the ruling foreign Javanese queen. Her marriage probably was not a smooth one, as the queen was up against the court of Balinese Warmadewa and her husband.
After she died in 1011 CE, she was deified and depicted as Durga (Durga as the slayer of Bull-demon), entombed in the temple within Pura Bukit Dharma Kutri, located in Buruan village, Blahbatu, Gianyar Regency, Bali. Within this Balinese temple compound, exist several Hindu-Buddhist statues dated from around 10th to 13th century. Those include, but not limited to the depictions of Amoghapasa, Ganesha, Bhatara, Durga Mahisasuramardhini, and Buddha.
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