Mackinawite

 ( Sulfide Minerals ) 

Mackinawite is an iron nickel sulfide mineral with the chemical formula (where x = 0 to 0.11). The mineral crystallizes in the tetragonal crystal system and has been described as a distorted, close packed, cubic array of S atoms with some of the gaps filled with Fe. Mackinawite occurs as opaque bronze to grey-white tabular crystals and anhedral masses. It has a Mohs hardness of 2.5 and a specific gravity of 4.17. It was first described in 1962 for an occurrence in the Mackinaw mine, Snohomish County, Washington for which it was named.

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Occurrence Mackinawite occurs in serpentinite as a hydrothermal alteration product, in , and in association with chalcopyrite, cubanite, pentlandite, pyrrhotite, greigite, maucherite, and troilite. Mackinawite also occurs in anoxic waters environments such as freshwater and marine sediments as a result of the metabolism of iron and sulfate-reducing bacteria.

In anoxic environments, mackinawite is formed by the reaction of HS⁻ with either Fe²⁺ ions or with Fe metal. Mackinawite is a metastable mineral that occurs predominantly as a poorly crystalline precipitate.

(1978). 9780521214896, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521214896

After the initiation of precipitation, mackinawite can take up to 2 years to form at 25 °C. It has been reported that mackinawite can be stable for up to 16 weeks at temperatures up to 100 °C at pH values from 3–12. Laboratories have also produced synthetic mackinawite to study its formation using several different methods such as reacting sulfide with metallic iron or a solution of ferrous iron, growing sulfide reducing bacteria using Fe²⁺, and

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Transformations in the environment Depending on the redox conditions mackinawite can form more stable phases such as greigiteCsákberényi-Malasics, D., Rodriguez-Blanco, J.D., Kovács Kis, V., Rečnik, A., Benning, L.G., and Pósfai, M. (2012) Structural properties and transformations of precipitated FeS. Chemical Geology, 294–295, 249–258. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.12.009. and ultimately pyrite,

(2025). 9780896299054 ISBN 9780896299054

an important mineral in anoxic aqueous settings that is preserved in sedimentary deposits, especially black shale. While it has been determined that mackinawite is a necessary precursor to pyrite, the pathway of iron sulfide mineral formation from aqueous species to solid mineral is still nebulous. Many iron sulfide minerals may exist in the transition between poorly ordered mackinawite and crystalline pyrite such as greigite, smithite, and pyrrhotite;

(1974). 9780939950010, Mineralogical Society of America. ISBN 9780939950010

however, studies have also indicated that pyrite formation from mackinawite can occur where oxidation has commenced and the sulfur present is in intermediate oxidation states (−1 to +6) and intermediate sulfur species such as sulfur or and surface oxidized monosulfide species, such as oxidized mackinawite or greigite are present.

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See also

• Glossary of meteoritics

Categories: Sulfide Minerals, Iron Minerals, Meteorite Minerals, Tetragonal Minerals, Minerals In Space Group 129

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