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Luteostriata is a genus of from Brazil characterized by a yellow body with dark longitudinal stripes.
Externally, species in this genus usually have a yellow to light brown dorsal color with a series of longitudinal dark stripes, hence the name Luteostriata, from Latin luteus (saffron yellow) + striatus (striped). The anterior end is also usually marked by an orange tinge that posteriorly gradually fades into the yellow color of the dorsum.
In 1899, Ludwig von Graff published his famous monography on land planarians and described some specimens of yellow land planarians with five or seven black stripes that were sent to him from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. He identified them as Geoplana marginata, a species described by Schultze and Müller in the same publication in which they misidentified Geoplana elegans. Graff ended up making a similar mistake, as Schultze and Müller's Geoplana marginata was a black species with yellow stripes while Graff's was yellow with black stripes. Specimens with seven stripes instead of only five were considered a variety of Geoplana marginata and named Geoplana marginata var. abundans because of the "abundant" number of stripes.
In the following decades, several authors, such as Albert Riester and Ernst Marcus, continued to identify most Brazilian yellow planarians with 5 or 7 dark longitudinal stripes as Geoplana marginata. In 1955, Eudóxia Maria Froehlich noticed that Riester's species was different from the specimens analyzed by Graff and Marcus and renamed Riester's material as Geoplana caissara. In 1959, Claudio Gilberto Froehlich elevated Geoplana marginata var. abundans to the level of species as Geoplana abundans. He also noticed that G. marginata sensu Graff and G. marginata sensu Marcus could not be G. marginata Schultze & Müller, but did not rename them. In the same paper he also described a new yellow species with dark stripes and named it Geoplana fita.
In 1990, Robert E. Ogren and Masaharu Kawakatsu transferred G. marginata (based on the descriptions by Graff and Marcus) to the genus Notogynaphallia along with G. caissara, G. abundans, G. fita and several other species.
More than a decade later, from 2001 to 2006, Eudóxia Maria Froehlich and Ana Maria Leal-Zanchet analyzed the complex G. marginata (at the time Notogynaphallia marginata) and renamed G. marginata sensu Graff as Notogynaphallia graffi and G. marginata sensu Marcus as Notogynaphallia ernesti. They also described a new species with the same pattern, naming it Notogynaphallia ceciliae and pointed out that N. caissara, N. abundans, N. graffi, N. ernesti and N. ceciliae, and possibly also N. muelleri and N. fita, formed a complex of closely related species within the genus Notogynaphallia. Finally, in 2010, Fernando Carbayo transferred this species complex to a new genus, naming it Luteostriata.
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