Liuzhou (;
Geography
Liuzhou is located on the banks of the winding
Liu River, approximately from
Nanning, the regional capital. By road, it is about to
Guilin, to
Hechi, to
Nanning, to
Fangchenggang, to
Beihai.
Swimming in the river is a tradition of the city. The river is normally green, but sometimes in summer, floods from the mountain areas upstream bring sediment which colors the water yellow. In early 2012, a cadmium spill upstream caused serious pollution worries.
The river can be deep. Normally, the depth is but can as deep as before it floods over the wall. In 2000 a bus, with 78 passengers, fell over the side of a bridge. There were no survivors.[ Liuzhou Bridges 6 – Hudong Bridge |date=2014-09-06]
Climate
Liuzhou has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen
Cfa/Cwa), with mild winters and long hot summers, and very humid conditions year-round. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from in January to in August, while extremes have ranged from . Rain is both the heaviest and most frequent from May to August, when nearly two-thirds of the annual rainfall occurs.
History
Liujiang cave skull-b. Homo Sapiens 68,000 Years Old.jpg|Liujiang cave skull from the National Museum of Natural History
唐开元寺遗址.JPG|Kaiyuan Temple , ruins of Tang dynasty
柳侯祠 Ancestral Temple of the Marquis Liu.jpg|Liuhou Ancestral Hall , "Ancestral Hall of Liu Noble"
抗战期间被日军破坏焚烧状况图.png|Liuzhou by Japanese Army Situation Map
The
Liujiang man () are among the earliest modern
found in
East Asia. Their remains were discovered in the Tongtianyang Cave (通天岩) in
Liujiang County, Guangxi.
Liujiang man is a Late Pleistocene
Homo sapiens sapiens.
Liuzhou has a history of more than 2,100 years. The city was founded in 111 B.C. when it was known as Tanzhong ().
In 742 A.D. it became known as Longcheng (), after the Long River, before finally changing to Liuzhou () after the Liu River in 1736.
The most famous historic figure is Liu Zongyuan (773–819), who was a poet and politician in the Tang dynasty and who died in Liuzhou. He is commemorated by a park in the city.
Liuzhou was the site of Liuchow Airfield, used by Nationalist Chinese and American Army Air Forces in World War II.[ Hump Express, Vol. 1, 25. " Liuchow Victory Complete as Chinese Force Enters Smashed and Burned City ". India China Division, Air Transport Command, 5 July 1945.] (At that time the airfield was closer to the centre, where the zoo is now.) It was captured by the Japanese army on 7 November 1944 during the Battle of Guilin–Liuzhou and recaptured by Nationalist Chinese forces on 30 June 1945 prior to the Second Guangxi Campaign.
Administrative divisions
Liuzhou has direct administration over 10 county-level divisions: 5 districts, 3 counties and 2 autonomous counties:
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District:
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County:
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Autonomous county:
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Rongshui Miao Autonomous County
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Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County
Economy
Liuzhou is the second largest city in Guangxi and is the region's industrial center. According to statistics issued by the Liuzhou government in 2015, the city's GDP was 231.1 billion yuan.
Among important companies based in Liuzhou are:
Tourism
As with much of Guangxi, the landscape around Liuzhou is a mix of rolling hills, mountain peaks, caves and
karst scenery. It is an ideal base for exploring the minority villages in the area.
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Rongshui: Rongshui Miao Autonomous County is located in the north of Liuzhou prefecture, away from Liuzhou and from Guilin. The territory is inhabited by Miao, Yao, Dong, Zhuang and Han ethnic groups.
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Dayaoshan scenic area is in Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County, from the city of Liuzhou. It has a scenic area of over .
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Sanjiang: Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County lies to the north of Liuzhou near the Hunan border. It is a Dong minority area and is surrounded by picturesque ethnic minority villages.
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LiuZhou Industrial Museum (柳州工业博物馆) was set up on the original site of the former Cotton Textile Factory No.3, and opened in 2012.
In recent years (post-COVID-19 pandemic, 2022/3) some tourists engage in culinary tourism since Liuzhou is the birthplace of Guangxi's most famous dish, Luosifen.
Transport
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Liuzhou Bailian Airport provides flights to major cities in China.
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Liuzhou has extensive rail connections with the rest of China. Hunan-Guangxi Railway (Hengyang - Pingxiang, a.k.a. Xiang-Gui Line), Jiaozuo-Liuzhou Railway (Jiaozuo - Zhicheng - Liuzhou, a.k.a. Jiao-Liu Line) Railway and Guizhou-Guangxi Railway (Guiyang - Liuzhou, a.k.a. Qian-Gui Line) make Liuzhou the center of freight transportation in Guangxi.
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China National Highway 209
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Liuzhou-Wuzhou Railway is a newly released railway line, linking the cities of Liuzhou with Wuzhou.
Military
Liuzhou is the headquarters of the 75th Group Army of the People's Liberation Army.
Quotes
Liuzhou appears in the Chinese saying 生在苏州, 活在杭州, 吃在广州, 死在柳州.
- Born in Suzhou, live in Hangzhou, eat in Guangzhou, die in Liuzhou
because, in the past, the city was known for its coffins, made from firwood, camphor wood, and sandalwood,
[Du Feibao, Du Bai, Lin Nianpei; Things Chinese, China Travel and Tourism Press, 2002, ] which are said to preserve the body after death.
Guangzhou's "Cantonese" cuisine is famous worldwide, and
Hangzhou is known for its prosperity and the beauty of its location. Suzhou is reputed to have the most beautiful people in China, so the line is sometimes given as "
Marry in Suzhou...".
Today many tourists buy miniature coffins, about long, as souvenirs or good luck charms. The coffins are usually inscribed 升官发财 () which means 'get promotion and get rich". The second and fourth characters are of 棺材 () meaning 'coffin'.
Some miniature coffins are used as caskets to hold the ashes of ancestors.[
]
Notable people
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Liuzhou was the home of Li Ning (born 1963), gymnast and entrepreneur who lit the Olympic torch in Beijing in 2008.
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Chinese gymnast, Jiang Yuyuan.
See also
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List of twin towns and sister cities in China
External links
