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The Lacertidae are the family of the wall lizards, true lizards, or sometimes simply lacertas, which are native to . It is a diverse family with at about 360 in 39 . They represent the dominant group of reptiles found in Europe.

Habitat
The European and Mediterranean species of lacertids live mainly in and habitats. Eremias and Ophisops species replace these in the and of Asia. African species usually live in rocky, arid areas. species are among the few lacertids, and its two species, Holaspis guentheri and , are gliders (although apparently poor ones), using their broad tail and flattened body as an .
(2025). 012782622X, Academic Press. . 012782622X

Description
Lacertids are small to medium-sized lizards. Most species are less than 9cm long, excluding the tail. The largest living species, Gallotia stehlini, reaches 46cm, and some extinct forms were larger still. They are primarily .
(1998). 9780121785604, Academic Press.
An exception is Meroles anchietae, one of the few wall lizards that regularly eat – an appropriate food for a lizard of the harsh .

Lacertids are remarkably similar in form, with slender bodies and long , but have highly varied patterns and colours, even within the same species. Their scales are large on the head, which often also has , small and granular on the back, and rectangular on the underside. Most species are sexually dimorphic, with the males and females having different patterns.

At least eight species from the are ,Darevskii IS. 1967. Rock lizards of the Caucasus: systematics, ecology and phylogenesis of the polymorphic groups of Caucasian rock lizards of the subgenus Archaeolacerta. Nauka: Leningrad in.Tarkhnishvili DN (2012) Evolutionary History, Habitats, Diversification, and Speciation in Caucasian Rock Lizards. In: Advances in Zoology Research, Volume 2 (ed. Jenkins OP), Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge (NY), p.79-120 and three species give birth to live young, including the lizard, Zootoca vivipara.

Evolutionary history
Lacertids are suspected to have originated in Europe, due to their earliest fossils being found in the region, alongside those of their , the extinct . Fossils possibly attributable to lacertids are known from the of France and Belgium. The oldest definitive lacertid is known from the early () in , France in the . Lacertids dispersed into Asia by the early . The timing of the colonisation of Africa is uncertain, ranging from the Eocene to the .

Classification
The classification into subfamilies and tribes below follows one presented by Arnold et al., 2007, based on their analysis.
(2025). 9781869770976 .

Family Lacertidae

The latest extensive phylogenetic lacertid tree was made by Baeckens et al. in 2015.

Extinct genera

External links

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