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lead=yes is a Japanese term for onna.

(2025). 9784585221517, 勉誠出版.
In popular culture, it is often used for female or practitioner of ( ninpo). The term was largely popularized by novelist in his novel 3=Ninpō Hakkenden in 1964.

Although kunoichi have appeared in numerous creative works, including novels, TV-dramas, movies, and , historians have concluded that there are no historical records of female ninja performing reconnaissance and subversive activities in the same manner as their male counterparts. However, the late 17th century ninja handbook describes a technique called in which a female is used for infiltration and information-gathering, which considered evidence of female ninja activity.


Etymology
The term is thought to derive from the names of characters that resemble the three strokes in the Japanese character for onna in the following :

  • "" is a character pronounced "ku"
  • "" is a character pronounced "no"
  • "" is a character pronounced "ichi" (and meaning "one").

The word "kunoichi" was not used frequently in the . This is probably because in this era, the kanji letter "女" was not written in but usually in cursive script, and the cursive script of "女" cannot be decomposed into "く", "ノ", and "一".


History of use
Recent research by Mie University historians Yūji Yamada, Katsuya Yoshimaru, and others indicates that there are no historical records of the existence of female ninja who conducted reconnaissance and subversive activities in the same manner as their male counterparts. According to Yoshimaru, kunoichi came to mean "female ninja" in the creative works largely due to the influence of 's Ninpōchō series. During the Edo period, kunoichi was used as a cant term to refer to a woman and had no meaning for a female ninja. However, the term has very few examples of usage, most likely because the writing style at the time was not composed of the three strokes attributed to kunoichi.

The eighth volume of the ninja handbook written in 1676 describes , which can be interpreted as "a technique to utilize a woman". The Bansenshukai compiles the knowledge of the ninja clans in the regions of and Kōka. According to this document, the main function of the kunoichi was espionage, finding functions in enemy house services, to gather knowledge, gain trust or listen to conversations., From Ninjutsu to Spy Warfare (忍術からスパイ戦へ). Higashi Shisha, 1942. pp 83. This "technique to utilize a woman" was employed for infiltration purposes when it was difficult for a man to infiltrate. There is a technique in which a kunoichi uses a double-bottomed wooden chest to infiltrate a person into a building by telling the wife of the house that she is retrieving a wooden chest. Both of these techniques however are described as "techniques through the usage of a woman", and while Seiko Fujita considers these techniques to be evidence of female ninja, Yoshimaru and Yamada consider 'female ninja' not to have existed as such.

Another early mention of kunoichi exists in the poem compilation Enshūsenkuzuke by Waki Enshū from 1680, and was used to refer to Sei Shōnagon, a female poet.

Iga FC Kunoichi, a women's football club which is based in the city of Iga, takes its name from the term.


See also
  • , female warriors in feudal Japan
  • , an alleged 16th–17th century female ninja
  • Mochizuki Chiyome, an alleged 16th-century female ninja in the service of .
  • Hatsume no Tsubone, a legendary female ninja
  • , a fictional female ninja from the folktale Jiraiya Gōketsu Monogatari

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