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Kelulus or kalulus is a type of rowing boat used in the Nusantara archipelago. It is typically small in size and propelled using oar or paddle. However, for long-distance voyages, this boat can be equipped with sails. It is not the same as prahu kalulis of the eastern part of the Indonesian archipelago.
In about 1500 CE, the Sultanate of Malacca opposed Siam with 200 boats, consisting of lancaran and kelulus. After Sultan Mahmud Shah of Malacca was deposed from Malacca City in 1511, he took over Bintan Regency. In 1519 and 1520 he had a fleet consisting of 60 and 100 boats respectively, both being made up of lancaran and kelulus.
Tome Pires in 1513 reported that the pates () of Java has many calaluz for raiding, and described:
... but they are not fit to go out of the shelter of the land. Kelulus were specialty of Java. They are carved in a thousand and one ways, with figures of serpents, and gilt; they are ornamental. Each of them has many of these, and they are very much painted, and they certainly look well and are made in a very elegant way, and they are for kings to amuse themselves in, away from the common people. They are rowed with paddles.
... They go out in , and if they go by sea they in painted calaluzes, so clean and ornamental, with so many canopies that the rowers are not seen by the lord;In 1537, Javanese people kelulus encountered in Patani was described as having two rows of oars: One was of short , the other was "like a galley" (long ); they carried 100 soldiers, with much artillery and . Gonçalo de Souza reported that they have 27 oars and carried 20 soldiers. They are armed with ( falconselhos) at the bow and stern. Coriosidades de Gonçalo de Souza, manuscript in the Biblioteca da Universidade de Coimbra, Ms. 3074, fol. 38vo.Manguin, Pierre-Yves (2012). Lancaran, Ghurab and Ghali: Mediterranean impact on war vessels in Early Modern Southeast Asia. In G. Wade & L. Tana (Eds.), Anthony Reid and the Study of the Southeast Asian Past (pp. 146–182). Singapore: ISEAS Publishing.
Spanish language dictionary lists them as "Small boat used in the East Indies".
Portuguese historian António Galvão in 1544 made a treatise about Maluku Islands, which lists the types of boats from the region, including the kalulus. He described the hull as being egg shaped at the middle but sloping upwards at both ends. At the prow they are shaped like high snake neck with the head of a serpent and the horns of a deer.
Ratu Kalinyamat of Jepara attacked Portuguese Malacca in 1574 with 300 vessels, 220 of which are calaluzes and the rest were jongs weighing up to 400 tons Burthen ton. The attack ended in failure for the Javanese people.Marsden, William (1783). . London: W. Marsden. p. 350–351.Manguin, Pierre-Yves (1993). 'The Vanishing Jong: Insular Southeast Asian Fleets in Trade and War (Fifteenth to Seventeenth Centuries)', in Anthony Reid (ed.), Southeast Asia in the Early Modern Era (Ithaca: Cornell University Press), 197–213.
In 1600, king Chiay Masiuro (or Chiaymasiouro) of Demak Sultanate embarked in a calelus from Blambangan which has been equipped with oar and sail, to the south. After 12 days, he arrived at Luca Antara or Java Major, which is believed to be Australia. There he received by the syahbandar, and stayed for several days. Chiaymasiuro found out that the inhabitants were Javanese, but with mixed culture of Java, Sunda, and Bali. After he returned to Blambangan, the news of the voyage made great astonishment and public notoriety in Java.
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