Karplus is a surname; people with that name include:
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Arnold Karplus (1877–1968), Czech-Austrian architect
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Kevin Karplus (born 1954), American academic
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Karplus-Strong string synthesis
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Martin Karplus (1930–2024), American theoretical chemist and 2013 Nobel Laureate (Chemistry)
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Robert Karplus (1927–1990), American theoretical physicist and educator