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Karaj (; ) is a city in the Central District of Karaj County, Alborz province province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. Earliest evidence of inhabitation in Karaj can be dated to the Bronze Age at Tepe Khurvin. The city was developed under the rule of the Safavid Iran and Qajar Iran and is home to historical buildings and memorials from those eras. This city has a unique climate due to access to natural resources such as many trees, rivers, and green plains. After Tehran, Karaj is the largest immigrant-friendly city in Iran, so it has been nicknamed "Little Iran."
Although the county hosts a population around 1.97 million, as recorded in the 2016 census, most of the county is rugged mountain. The urban area is the fourth-largest in Iran, after Tehran, Mashhad, and Isfahan.City Population: IRAN: Major Cities Eshtehard County and Fardis County were split off from Karaj County since the previous census.
Karaj was mostly significant as a stage on the road between Tehran and Qazvin. In Safavid times, a stone bridge was built that served as the main crossing into the town. The large Shah-Abbasi Caravansarai, located at the southeast of Towhid Square, was built in the same era, under the rule of Shah Ismail.
In 1810, the Qajar prince Soleyman Mirza built the Soleymaniyeh Palace at Karaj to serve as a summer resort. The palace had four towers and was surrounded by gardens. Its reception room featured a pair of paintings by Abdallah Khan. By 1860, however, the palace was described as abandoned and only used as a shelter for travelers. Naser al-Din Shah Qajar later renovated the palace. In 1917, a School of Farming was established on the site, replacing the earlier Mozaffari Agricultural School in Tehran. Later, Reza Shah granted it to the University of Tehran's new Faculty of Agriculture.
In the 1930s, plans were drawn up for a large industrial complex covering 216 on the south side of the village. This "Industrial Model Town of Karaj" was intended to be the site of the country's first , capitalizing on easy access to water and coal from the Alborz. However, the construction equipment imported from Germany was impounded by the British going through the Suez Canal in 1940, and the planned complex was never built.
A major industrial complex, the first privately owned one in Karaj, was built in the 1960s by Mohammad-Sadeq Fateh. This complex, called Shahrak-e Jahanshahr, included oil, tea, and textile factories as well as housing for the workers.
The Morvarid Palace was constructed in the nearby Mehrshahr district, during the Pahlavi era. It was designed by the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation (Taliesin Associated Architects) on instructions from Shams Pahlavi, elder sister of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. In this period, it was a transit and industrial town.
Majority of the structure is now controlled by the Basij, and some sections of it are open to public under the operation of Cultural Heritage Organization of Iran.
Other historical sites of the city include the Mausoleum of Šāhzāde Soleymān, Imamzadeh Rahmān, Emāmzāde Zeyd, and Palang Ābād e Eshtehard County.
| +Gender segregation population in 2016 !Male !Female !Total !Ref. | |||
| 890,824 | 886,570 | 1,759,394 |
| +Population by age group in 2016 (%) !age (0–14 years) !age (15–29 years) !age (30–64 years) !age (65 years and older) | |||
| 20.3% | 23.6% | 50.2% | 6.0% |
Meškin Dašt, a large agricultural area between Mehršahr and Fardis, is near Karaj.
The following table includes the major districts of the city:
| Gohardasht | Mehrshahr | Kianmehr | Karaj no | Hesārak | Derakhti | Azimiye | Ouj | Ŝāhin Villā | Bonyād | Bāqestān | Doulat Ābād |
| Garmdarreh | Ŝahrake Jahānŝahr | Mesbāh | Mehr Villā | Dehqān Villā | Mahdasht | Ŝahrake Banafŝe | Fardis | Vahdat | Kalāk o Hesār | Estām Ābād | Golŝahr |
| Golŝahr Villā | Zibā Daŝt | Zoube Āhan | Sāsāni | Homāyun Villā | Mohamadshahr | Mehdi Ābād | Ŝahrake Xātam | Miān Jādde | Heydar Ābād | Sāwoj Bolāq | Bahārestān |
Open space recreational areas of Karaj include Irānzamin Park, Pārk e Xānvāde, Tennis Park, Pārk e Mādar, Tāleqān Gardens, Kordān Gardens, Jahānšahr Gardens, Pardis e Golhā, and the Tulip Garden of Gačsār.
Amir Kabir Dam and some other small lakes are based in Karaj. The city is a starting point for a drive along road forced north through the Alborz mountain to the Caspian Sea. Iran. Ediz. Inglese by Andrew Burke, Mark Elliott, and Kamin Mohammadi, 2004
Zowb Āhan, the avenue leading to an industrial plant, is located at the south of Ostandar Square. Zowb e Āhan or Zowb Āhan, literally "steel mill", was a contract between the Pahlavi dynasty government and a consortium from Nazi Germany. The establishment of the factory Zowb Āhan e Karaj was halted by the beginning of the Second World War, and it was never launched.
Šahrak-e Jahānšahr was the first modern private industrial and housing complex of Karaj, built in the 1960s. The factories Jahān Čit (textile factory), Rowqan Nabāti e Jahān (oil factory), and Čāy e Jahān (tea factory), were established at the complex. It is one of the largest industrial zones of the nation, with a 20% share of the national GDP.
The special economic zone of Payam, with an area about within the territory of Payam International Airport, was established in Karaj for development of air cargo and postal transportation, cold store, and packing services, as well as perishable and time sensitive exports. It is the only SEZ in the region with the privilege of its own Payam Air.
| +Karaj 6 lines information ! Line ! Line Route ! Length ! Stations | |||
| Germdareh – new city of Mehestan | 43 km (26.7 mi) | 7 | |
| Kamalshahr–Mallard | 27 km (16 mi) | 23 | |
| Karaj–Azimiyeh | 14 km (9 mi) | 12 | |
| Baghestan – Karaj (Payam) Airport | 18 km (11.1 mi) | 19 | |
| Shahid Moazen Boulevard – Mohamadshahr | 12 km (7.5 mi) | 10 | |
| Esteghlal Boulevard – Shahid Soltani Square | 9 km (6 mi) | 8 | |
| Total: | 97 km (60 mi) | 76 | |
The aerial transport of Karaj is served by the Payam International Airport, which was established in 1990, and was officially opened in 1997.
Preparing Alborz Card can reduce the cost of travel tickets.
Saipa volleyball team lost to Kalleh in this stadium in 2011–12 and became the runner-up in the final match of the country's volleyball premier league. Saipa has won the runner-up title of Iran Super League seven times.
One of the international ski resorts of Iran The, Dizin, is located a few kilometers north-east of the city, in the Alborz. In Dizin, along with skiing facilities, there are tennis courtyards, a slope for skiing on turf, some altitudes for mountain climbing and walking as well as riding and some routes for cycling. Karaj also has an international tennis complex which is used to training and tournaments. Jahanshahr International Tennis Complex is located in Bagh Fateh. This park has eight practice courts and one competition court with a capacity of 1,200 people. It is the only tennis complex in Iran that has covered courts.
Al-Karaji (Persian: ابو بکر محمد بن الحسن الکرجی; c. 953 – c. 1029) was a 10th-century Persian mathematician and engineer who flourished at Baghdad. He was born in Karaj, a city near Tehran. His three principal surviving works are mathematical: Al-Badi' fi'l-hisab (Wonderful on calculation), Al-Fakhri fi'l-jabr wa'l-muqabala (Glorious on algebra), and Al-Kafi fi'l-hisab (Sufficient on calculation).
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