Product Code Database
The Kangly (康曷利; Tang Huiyao, Ch. 72 "康曷利馬。印宅。" Kangheli's horses; tamga resembles character 宅 pinyin: Kānghélì; Middle Chinese (ZS): /kʰɑŋ-ɦɑt̚-liɪH/ or 康里 pinyin: Kānglĭ < MC-ZS: /kʰɑŋ-lɨX/;History of Yuan, vol. 205 txt "哈麻，字士廉，康里人" "Hama, courtesy name Shilian, a man of the Kangli (tribe)" or قنكلى romanised: Kaŋlï, also spelled Qaŋlï, Qanglı, Kanly, Kangly, Qangli, Kangli or Kankali) were a Turkic people of Eurasia who were active from the Tang dynasty up to the Mongol Empire and Yuan dynasty.
Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII mentions three Pecheneg tribes collectively known as the Kangar union in his De Administrando Imperio. Kangar is associated with Sogdia and probably with the Kangaris people and the city of Kangu Tarban, mentioned in the Kul Tigin inscription of the Orkhon Turkic peoples.The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Volume 1, Denis Sinor, pg 272
Still, the relationship between the Kanglys, the Kangars, and the Kangaris / Kengeres (allies of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate against the Western Turkic Khaganate), is still unclear.
They may have even been a branch of the Göktürks, who were conquered by the Tang dynasty of China..
Peter Golden and Istvan Vásáry propose their name derives from the region Kang (ha) (= Kangju of the Chinese sources = Syr Darya region). However, the Tang dynasty historical text Tang Huiyao apparently distinguished the Kangheli (= Kangly) from the Kang nation, another name of the Kangju nation, by distinguishing the Kangheli's horses from the Kang nation's horses, identified with the Ferghana horse. Tang Huiyao, Ch. 72, sec. 85 " 康國馬。 康居國也。是 大宛馬種。形容極大。武德中，康國獻四千匹。今時官馬。猶是其種。" sec. 113 " 康曷利馬。印宅。"
Many Kangly warriors joined the Khwarezmid Empire in the 11th century. In 1175 some of them lived north of Lake Balkhash and transferred their allegiance from the Qara Khitai (Western Liao dynasty) to the Jin dynasty.Michael Biran, Empire of the Kara Kitai, page 57
They were conquered by Genghis Khan's armies during the Mongol conquest of Central Asia in 1219–1223. All Kanglys in Bukhara who were taller than a wheel, were slain by the Mongols. Jochi subdued remnants who still lived in the land of the Kyrgyz people and Kipchak steppes in 1225. Khwarizmi Kangly remnants submitted to Great Khan Ögedei after a long resistance under Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu against his general Chormaqan and governor Chin-temur. After the Mongol conquest, the remaining Kanglys were absorbed into other Turkic peoples and Mongols. Some of them who served in the Yuan dynasty became .
There are Kangly clans among the Kazakhs, Uzbeks, Kyrgyz people, Bashkirs, Nogais, Karakalpaks and Yakuts.
|
|
