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Inoceramus (Greek: translation "fibrous shell" for the fibrous structure of the mineral crystals in the shell) is an of fossil marine that superficially resembled the related winged pearly oysters of the genus Pteria. They lived from the to latest . Inoceramus at .orgWard et al., "Ammonite and inoceramid bivalve extinction patterns in Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary sections of the Biscay region (southwestern France, northern Spain)", Geology, 1991

The English naturalist proposed the name Inoceramus at a meeting of the Linnean Society in London in 1814 but a text version was not published until 1822. He gave the etymology from Greek with Latin translation as: ἴς fibra fiber et κέραμος testa shell. The fibrous-appearing mineral structure of the shell inspired the name choice: "It consists entirely of a substance composed of parallel perpendicular fibres, and much more conspicuously so than Pinna or any other genus"."Inoceramids" Oceans of Kansas website: http://oceansofkansas.com/Inoceramids.html


Taxonomy
The taxonomy of the inoceramids is disputed, with genera such as sometimes classified as within Inoceramus. Also the number of valid species in this genus is disputed.


Description
Inoceramids had thick shells composed of "prisms" of deposited perpendicular to the surface, and unweathered fossils commonly preserve the mother-of-pearl luster the shells had in life. Most species have prominent growth lines which appear as raised semicircles concentric to the growing edge of the shell.

In 1952, the huge specimen of Inoceramus steenstrupi 187 cm long, was found in , the Nuussuaq Peninsula, . This fossil is 83 Ma old, the Upper or Lower stage. Paleontologists suggest that the giant size of some species was an adaptation for life in the murky bottom waters, with a correspondingly large gill area that would have allowed the animal to survive in oxygen-deficient waters.


Selected species
  • I. aequicostatus
  • I. albertensis
  • I. altifluminis
  • I. americanus
  • I. andinus
  • I. anglicus
  • I. anilis
  • I. anomalus
  • I. anomiaeformis
  • I. apicalis
  • I. arvanus
  • I. bellvuensis
  • I. biformis
  • I. brownei
  • I. carsoni
  • I. comancheanus
  • I. confertim Roemer, F. (1849). Texas : mit besonderer Rücksicht auf deutsche Auswanderung und die physischen Verhältnisse des Landes nach eigener Beobachtung. A. Marcus.
  • I. constellatus
  • I. corpulentus
  • I. coulthardi
  • I. cuvieri
  • I. dakotensis
  • I. dominguesi
  • I. dowlingi
  • I. dunveganensis
  • I. elburzensis
  • I. everesti
  • I. fibrosus
  • I. formosulus
  • I. fragilis
  • I. frechi
  • I. galoi
  • I. gibbosus
  • I. ginterensis
  • I. glacierensis
  • I. haast
  • I. howelli
  • I. incelebratus
  • I. inconditus
  • I. kystatymensis
  • I. lamarcki
  • I. lateris
  • I. mesabiensis
  • I. morii
  • I. multiformis
  • I. mytiliformis
  • I. nipponicus
  • I. perplexus
  • I. pictus
  • I. pontoni
  • I. porrectus
  • I. prefragilis
  • I. proximus''
  • I. pseudolucifer
  • I. quenstedti
  • I. robertsoni
  • I. saskatchewanensis
  • I. selwyni
  • I. sokolovi
  • I. steenstrupi
  • I. steinmanni
  • I. subdepressus
  • I. tenuirostratus
  • I. triangularis''
  • I. undabundus
  • I. undulato
  • I. ussuriensis


Distribution
Species of Inoceramus had a worldwide distribution during the and periods (from 189.6 to 66.043 Ma). Many examples are found in the of the Western Interior Seaway in North America. Inoceramus can also be found abundantly in the Cretaceous that underlies London. Other locations for this fossil include ,Ludvigsen & Beard, 1997, pp. 102–103 British Columbia, Colombia (Hiló Formation, Tolima and La Frontera Formation, Boyacá, Cundinamarca and ).Acosta & Ulloa, 2001, p. 41


Gallery
File:InoceramusCretaceousSouthDakota.jpg| Inoceramus from the Cretaceous of South Dakota File:Inoceramidae - Inoceramus proximus.JPG| Inoceramus proximus File:Inoceramus cuvieri Palaeontological exhibition Prague.jpg| Inoceramus cuvieri File:Inoceramus vancouverensis 1.jpg| Inoceramus vancouverensis File:Inoceramus hobetsensis - National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo - DSC06954.JPG| Inoceramus hobetsensis


Bibliography


Further reading

External links
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