Product Code Database
An ichnofacies is an assemblage of that provides an indication of the conditions that their formative organisms inhabited.
Ichnofacies have a major advantage over using body fossils to gauge the same factors: body fossils can be transported, but trace fossils are always in situ.
Recognized invertebrate ichnofacies
Scoyenia Skolithos, Cruziana, Diplichnites, Rusophycus Variable - typically sandstones; red beds may be nearby Diagnostic of terrestrial/freshwater facies. Psilonichnus Psilonichnus, Coenobichnus, Cellicalichnus, Macanopsis Highly variable grain size, sand, soft substrate Coastal barrier islands, strand plains, delta plains, estuaries, lagoons, and bays. Trypanites Entobia, Trypanites, Gastrochaenolites, Caulostrepsis, Maeandropolydora, Conchotrema Hardground, endurated substrates Coastal cliffs, reefs, beachrock Teredolites Teredolites, Thalassinoides Resistant woody and coaly substrates Driftwood, peat Glossifungites Diplocraterion, Skolithos, Spongeliomorpha, Rhizocorallium, Arenicolites, Thalassinoides, Fuersichnus (2026). 9780521855556, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521855556Firmground, dewatered muds Shallow, marginal marine, deltaic or estuarine . Skolithos Skolithos, Ophiomorpha, Arenicolites, Diplocraterion Unconsolidated littoral sands Beaches and sandy tidal flats, shallow water, foreshore to upper-shoreface, above wavebase Cruziana Arthrophycus, Phycodes, Rhizocorallium, Teichichnus, Arenicolites, Rosselia, Bergaueria, Thalassinoides, Lockeia, Protovirgularia, Curvolithus, Dimorphichnus, Cruziana, Rusophycus Sand and silt heterolithic successions and organic detritus Mid to distal continental shelves. Below normal wave base, but not necessarily below storm wave base Zoophycos Zoophycos, Phycosiphon, Chondrites Marine softground, impure sands and silts Deeper water, bottom of shelf; turbidite facies Nereites Nereites, Megagrapton, Protopaleodictyon, Spirophycus, Helminthoraphe, Glockerichnus, Spirorhaphe, Cosmoraphe, Urohelminthoida, Desmograpton, Paleodictyon, Scolicia Fine-grained muds and clays interbedded with turbidite silts Deep water, pelagic, base-of-slope turbidity systems
Recognized vertebrate ichnofacies
Name Common Ichnogenera Substrate Inferred Paleoenvironment Chelichnus (Laoporus) Chelichnus, Brasilichnium Unconsolidated, larger-grained sands Aeolian sand dunes Grallator Grallator, Jindongornipes, Koreanoformis, Avipeda, Brachychirotherium, Rhynchosauroides, Eubrontes Lacustrine shorelines Brontopodus Charirichnium, Ceratopsipes, Amblydactylus, Brontopodus Clastic or carbonate Coastal plain, marine shoreline Batrachichnus Batrachichnus, Limnopus, Amphisauropus, Dromopus, Dimetropus, Gilmoreichnus, Chirotherium Tidal flat-fluvial plain Characichnos Characichnos, Undichna, Lunichnium, Puertollanopus, Serpentichnus, Batrachichnus, Hatcherichnus Semi-consolidated firmgrounds Subaqueous lacustrine, estuarine, and deltaic environments
See also
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