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Hop-tu-Naa ( ; ; ) is a festival celebrated in the Isle of Man on 31 October. It is the celebration of the traditional festival of , the start of winter. It is thought to be the oldest unbroken tradition in the Isle of Man. Oral history interview with Sue Woolley conducted by , 19 October 2016


Etymology
The Manx name Oie Houney corresponds to the Irish Oíche Shamhna, which was pronounced the same (though not in revived Manx). The exact status of Oíche Shamhna and its role in the Celtic calendar has been a matter of debate. Oíche Shamhna eventually mutated into in northern England and in Ireland, it was carried to America by Irish immigrants and developed into the modern Halloween.

The term Hop-tu-naa comes from a Manx Gaelic song traditionally sung during the festival which included the nonsense Hop-tu-naa as a refrain; such nonsense rhymes are common theme in Irish and Scottish Gaelic music.


Traditions
On the Isle of Man today, many groups of people continue the tradition of singing Hop-tu-Naa songs "around the houses" (which traditionally referred to waits going around visiting houses, especially those of the wealthy, and soliciting gifts; beggars going "around the houses" are featured in ) with turnip lanterns. In addition to this, many public Hop-tu-Naa events take place across the Isle of Man each year, most of which today include competitions for artistically carving turnips and the singing of traditional songs. As well as the many events run within local communities, the National Folk Museum at hosts an event to teach the traditional Hop-tu-Naa song and to help people to carve turnips.


Turnip lanterns
At the modern Hop-tu-Naa, children dress up and go from house to house hoping to be given sweets or money, as elsewhere. The children carry carved "turnip" lanterns (which are known as "moots" by the Manx) and sing Hop-tu-Naa songs. There are regional varieties of how turnips should be carved for Hop-tu-Naa, with variations focusing on which way up the turnip is and the nature of the decorations. It is believed that turnip-lanterns do not date earlier than the start of the 19th century, as the vegetable had only been introduced at the end of the previous century. When did the Manx first carve turnips? by , available on In the past children would bring the stumps of turnips with them and batter the doors of those who refused to give them any money, in an ancient form of trick or treat. This practice appears to have died out.


Dancing
A hop-tu-naa dance was collected by both and Leighton Stowell. It was believed to have been danced through the streets on Hop-tu-Naa night by couples carrying their turnip-lanterns. Rinkaghyn Vannin: Dances of Mann Isle of Man: Sleih gyn Thie. 1983 It is a simple procession dance for pairs of dancers which involves the Manx reel step and a combination of arches only. 'Hop tu naa – Hollantide Dance' instructions (accessed 18 October 2017) This dance is taught in many schools on the Isle of Man during October each year, and it is danced at many of the Hop-tu-Naa events across the island. 'Hop-tu-naa: A traditional Manx celebration in Maughold' on YouTube (accessed 18 October 2017)


Divination
Some of the older customs are similar to those now attached to the January New Year. It was a time for prophesying, weather prediction and fortune-telling. Last thing at night, the ashes of a fire were smoothed out on the hearth to receive the imprint of a foot. If, next morning, the track pointed towards the door, someone in the house would die, but if the footprint pointed inward, it indicated a birth.

A cake was made which was called Soddag Valloo or Dumb Cake, because it was made and eaten in silence. Young women and girls all had a hand in baking it on the red embers of the hearth, first helping to mix the ingredients (flour, eggs, eggshells, soot and salt) and kneading the dough. The cake was divided up and eaten in silence and, still without speaking, all who had eaten it went to bed, walking backwards, expecting and hoping to see their future husband in a dream or vision. The future husband was expected to appear in the dream and offer a drink of water. Manx Calendar Customs by Cyril Ingram Paton, Cribyn: Llanerch Press, 2004 (originally published 1942)

Other means of divination was to steal a salt herring from a neighbour, roast it over the fire, eat it in silence and retire to bed; or to hold water in your mouth and a pinch of salt in each hand as you listen to a neighbour's conversation, whereupon the first name mentioned would be that of your future spouse. A Manx Superstition for Hop-tu-naa by , available on


Traditional foods
Traditional food for Hop-tu-Naa includes mrastyr: potatoes, parsnips and fish mashed up with butter. Any leftovers from this evening meal would be left out with crocks of fresh water for the . Recipes, Hop-tu-naa on the Manx curriculum website would also be made, with just sugar and water, as a communal activity on the evening of Hop-tu-Naa. November 12th by Hilda Cowin, read by Constance Radcliffe in 1986. Released on by ManxLiterature.com


Songs

The Hop-tu-Naa Song
Shoh shenn oie Houiney; Hop-tu-naaThis is old night; Hop-tu-naaHop! ta'n oie. Noght oie HouneyHop! ta'n oie. To-night is Hollantide Night.
T'an eayst soilshean; Trol-la-laa.The moon shines bright; Trol-la-laa.Hop! ta'n oie. Mairagh Laa Houney.Hop! ta'n oie. To-morrow is Hollantide Day.
Kellagh ny kiarkyn; Hop-tu-naa.Cock of the hens; Hop-tu-naaHop! ta'n oie. Kellagh as kiark.Hop! ta'n oie. Cock and hen.
Shibber ny gauin; Trol-la-laa.Supper of the heifer; Trol-la-laa.Hop! ta'n oie. Shibbyr y gounee.Hop! ta'n oie. Supper of the heifer.
'Cre'n gauin marr mayd? Hop-tu-naa.Which heifer shall we kill? Hop-tu-naaHop! ta'n oie. Cre'n gauin gow mayd?Hop! ta'n oie. What heifer shall we take?
Yn gauin veg vreac. Trol-la-laa.The little speckled heifer. Trol-la-laa.Hop! ta'n oie. Yn gauin beg breck.Hop! ta’n oie. The little spotted heifer.
Yn chione kerroo, Hop-tu-naa.The fore-quarter, Hop-tu-naaHop! ta'n oie. Kerroo ayns y phot.Hop! ta'n oie. Quarter in the pot.
Ver mayd 'sy phot diu; Trol-la-laa.We'll put in the pot for you. Trol-la-laa.Hop! ta'n oie. Vlayst mee yn vroit.Hop! ta'n oie. I tasted the .
Yn kerroo veg cooyl, Hop-tu-naa.The little hind quarter, Hop-tu-naaHop! ta'n oie. Scold mee my scoarnagh.Hop! ta'n oie. I scalded my throat.
Cur dooin, cur dooin. Trol-la-laa.Give to us, give to us. Trol-la-laa.Hop! ta'n oie. Roie mee gys y chibbyr.Hop! ta'n oie. I ran to the well.
Hayst mee yn anvroie, Hop-tu-naa.I tasted the broth, Hop-tu-naaHop! ta'n oie. Diu mee my haie.Hop! ta'n oie. I drank my fill.
Scoald mee my hengey, Trol-la-laa.I scalded my tongue, Trol-la-laa.Hop! ta'n oie. Eisht cheet ny yel.Hop! ta'n oie. Then coming back.
Ro'e mee gys y chibber, Hop-tu-naa.I ran to the well, Hop-tu-naaHop! ta'n oie. Veeit mee poul kayt.Hop! ta'n oie. I met a pole-cat.
As diu mee my haie, Trol-la-laa.And drank my fill; Trol-la-laa.Hop! ta'n oie. Ren eh scrysseyHop! ta'n oie. He grinned.
Er my raad thie, Hop-tu-naa.On my way back, Hop-tu-naaHop! ta'n oie. Ren mee roie.Hop! ta'n oie. I ran.
Veeit mee kayt-vuitsh; Trol-la-laa.I met a witch cat; Trol-la-laa.Hop! ta'n oie. Roie mee gys Nalbin.Hop! ta'n oie. I ran to Scotland.
Va yn chayt-scryssey, Hop-tu-naa.The cat began to grin, Hop-tu-naaHop! ta'n oie. Cre naight ayns shen?Hop! ta'n oie. What news there?
As ren mee roie ersooyl. Trol-la-laa.And I ran away. Trol-la-laa.Hop! ta'n oie. Yn cheeaght va traaue.Hop! ta'n oie. The was ploughing.
Cre'n raad ren oo roie Hop-tu-naa.Where did you run to? Hop-tu-naaHop! ta'n oie. Ny cleain va cleiee.Hop! ta'n oie. The harrows were harrowing.
Roie mee gys Albin. Trol-la-laa.I ran to . Trol-la-laa.Hop! ta'n oie. Va ben aeg giarey caashey.Hop! ta'n oie. A young woman was cutting cheese.
Cred v'ad jannoo ayns shen? Hop-tu-naaWhat were they doing there? Hop-tu-naaHop! ta'n oie. Yn skynn va geyre.Hop! ta'n oie. The knife was sharp.
Fuinney bonnagyn as rostey sthalgyn. Trol-la-laa.Baking bannocks and roasting . Trol-la-laa.Hop! ta'n oie. Yiare ee e mair.Hop! ta'n oie. She cut her finger.
Hop-tu-naa, Trol-la-laa.Hop-tu-naa, Trol-la-laaHop! ta'n ok. Lhap ee 'sy clooid.Hop! ta'n oie. She wrapped it in a .
Hop! ta'n oie. Ghlass ee eh 'sy choir.Hop! ta'n oie. She locked it in a chest.
Hop! ta'n oie. Ren eh sthock as stoyr.Hop! ta'n oie. It made stock and store.
Hop! ta'n oie. Three kirree keeir.Hop! ta'n oie. Three brown sheep
Hop! ta'n oie. Va ec Illiam yn Oe.Hop! ta'n oie. Had William the grandson.
(Loayrt)(Spoken)(Loayrt)(Spoken)
My ta shiu goll dy chur red erbee dooin,If you are going to give us anything,My ta shiu cur veg dou,If you give me anything,
Cur dooin tappee ehGive it us soon,Cur eh dou nishGive it me soon,
Ny vees mayd ersooylOr we'll be awaySon ta mish laccal goll thieFor I want to go home
liorish soilshey yn cayst sicby the .Lesh soilshey yn eayst. Hop! ta'n oie.With the light of the moon.
Hop-tu-naa, Trol-la-laaHop-tu-naa, Trol-la-laaHop! ta'n oie.Hop! ta'n oie.


Modern Hop-tu-Naa songs
Different versions of Hop-tu-naa songs were sung in different areas of the island.

"Jinnie the Witch" is a modern song, which was sung around the Douglas area. ‘How Old is Jinny the Witch?’ ed. Stephen Miller, ‘’Manx Notes’’ 144 (2013)

According to Hampton Creer, Jinny's real name was Joney Lowney. She lived in and was tried at Bishop's Court for in 1715 and 1716. Her greatest "crime" was stopping the Ballaughton Corn Mill. She was sentenced to 14 days' imprisonment, fined £3 and made to stand at the four market crosses dressed in sackcloth. Oral history interview with Hampton Creer conducted by

The modern song goes as follows :

Hop-tu-Naa
My mother's gone away
And she won't be back until the morning

Jinnie the Witch flew over the house
To fetch the stick to lather the mouse

Hop-tu-Naa
My mother's gone away
And she won't be back until the morning

Hop-tu-Naa, Traa-la-laa

In the west of the island a longer version was sung, which is more closely related to the Manx version.

The following version dates from the 1930s – a similar version is recorded in "A Vocabulary of the Anglo-Manx Dialect" by A. W. Moore, and Edmund Goodwin (1924):

Hop-tu-naa! put in the pot
Hop-tu-naa! put in the pan
Hop-tu-naa! I burnt me throt (throat)
Hop-tu-naa! guess where I ran?
Hop-tu-naa! I ran to the well
Hop-tu-naa! and drank my fill
Hop-tu-naa! and on the way back
Hop-tu-naa! I met a witch cat
Hop-tu-naa! the cat began to grin
Hop-tu-naa! and I began to run
Hop-tu-naa! I ran to Ronague
Hop-tu-naa! guess what I saw there?
Hop-tu-naa! I saw an old woman
Hop-tu-naa! baking bonnags
Hop-tu-naa! roasting sconnags
Hop-tu-naa! I asked her for a bit
Hop-tu-naa! she gave me a bit
as big as me big toe
Hop-tu-naa! she dipped it in milk
Hop-tu-naa! she wrapped it in silk
Hop-tu-naa! Traa la lay!
If you're going to give us anything, give it to us soon
before we run away with the light of the moon!

The 1970s southern version from Castletown includes the mention of the Witches Mill, the and the Old House of Keys:

This is auld hollantide night, the moon shines clear and bright
Hop-tu-naa, traa-la-laa
Jinnie the witch jumped over the college to fetch the stick to stir the porridge
Hop-tu-naa, traa-la-laa
Castletown square is mighty bare, there isn't a statue that should have been there
Hop-tu-naa, traa-la-laa
The castle is grey, and Parliament gone, the harbour is quiet no smugglers run
Hop-tu-naa, traa-la-laa

When lights were turned out and no sweets were given, there was a further chorus:

This is old hollantide night, the moon is shining bright
if you're going to bring us money
You better bring it quick
as we may start to sing again, and your neighbours will think you're thick
Hop-tu-naa, traa-la-laa
Jinnie the witch is over the mill if you don't give us something quick
she will come and get you.

New songs for Hop-tu-Naa continue to be created, the most notable of which was written by Scaanjoon in 2015, having been commissioned by . Creepy Folk Come Down by Scanjoon on This has been taken up by the Manx traditional music youth group, Bree, as a part of their repertoire. "Creepy Folk Come Down" - Big Bree Workshop Weekend 2015 Concert 1 released by on


Images of carved hop-tu-naa turnips
File:Hop-tu-naa turnip with witch and cat.jpg File:Turnip carved with hop-tu-naa.jpg File:Hop-tu-naa turnip carving of town.jpg File:Hop-tu-naa turnip with face.jpg File:Hop tu Naa turnip and child.jpg File:Hop-tu-naa turnip with witch.jpg File:Hop tu Naa turnip.jpg File:Hop-tu-naa turnip decoration - cottage.jpg File:Carved Hop-tu-naa turnip.jpg File:Hop-tu-naa turnip decoration - cat.jpg File:Hop-tu-naa turnip decoration - castle.jpg File:Hop-tu-naa carved on turnip.jpg File:Hop tu Naa turnip by Pauline Kneen.jpg File:Hop tu Naa turnip by Nick Saunders.jpg File:Hop tu Naa turnip by Alfie Hoult.jpg File:Hop tu Naa turnips by Jane Oates.jpg File:Hop tu Naa turnip carvings by Pauline Kneen.jpg File:Hop tu Naa turnips carved by Stephanie Begbie.jpg File:Hop tu Naa turnip carving by Sarah Karran Hudson.jpg File:Hop tu Naa turnip lantern by Ellen Kneen 2019.jpg


See also

Notes

External links

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