Haemaphysalis is a genus of Ixodidae.[Koch, C.L. (1844) Systematische Übersicht über die Ordnung der Zecken. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 10, 217–239. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.29560] It is the second largest genus in the family Ixodidae, after Ixodes, and the largest genus of the Metastriata. Haemaphysalis ticks are found on all continents and across all major zoogeographical regions, except Antarctica, although most species are found in the Oriental and Afrotropical regions. Approximately 80% of the species are present in Asia and Africa, with significantly less species diversity in Europe and the Americas.
Description
Haemaphysalis are very small, elliptical ticks. They are best distinguished by the significant lateral salience on palpal article II, which extends beyond the margin of the basis capitulum. They are eyeless, with short mouthparts.
Taxonomy
Haemaphysalis contains 170 species
distributed across 8
Subgenus (
Aboimisalis,
Aborphysalis,
Allophysalis,
Haemaphysalis,
Herpetobia,
Kaiseriana,
Ornithophysalis,
Segalia) although the phylogeny of the genus is unresolved, with most subgenera being
Polyphyly.
The former subgenera
Alloceraea and
Sharifiella have been recently elevated to full generic genus rank.
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Haemaphysalis aborensis Warburton, 1913
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Haemaphysalis aciculifer Warburton, 1913
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Haemaphysalis aculeata Lavarra, 1904
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Haemaphysalis adleri Feldman-Muhsam, 1951
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Haemaphysalis anomala Warburton, 1913
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Haemaphysalis anomaloceraea Teng, 1984
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Haemaphysalis anoplos Hoogstraal, Uilenberg & Klein, 1967
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Haemaphysalis asiatica (Supino, 1897)
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Haemaphysalis atheruri Hoogstraal, Trapido & Kohls, 1965
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Haemaphysalis bancrofti Nuttall & Warburton, 1915
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Haemaphysalis bandicota Hoogstraal & Kohls, 1965
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Haemaphysalis bartelsi Schulze, 1938
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Haemaphysalis bequaerti Hoogstraal, 1956
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Haemaphysalis birmaniae Supino, 1897
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Haemaphysalis bispinosa Neumann, 1897
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Haemaphysalis bochkovi Apanaskevich & Tomlinson, 2019
[Dmitry Apanaskevich and Jackson A. Tomlinson. 2019. Description of four new species of Haemaphysalis Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae) from the H. ( Rhipistoma) spinulosa subgroup, parasites of carnivores and rodents in Africa. Systematic Parasitology
]
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Haemaphysalis borneata Hoogstraal, 1971
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Haemaphysalis bremneri Roberts, 1963
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Haemaphysalis burkinae Apanaskevich & Tomlinson, 2019
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Haemaphysalis calcarata Neumann, 1902
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Haemaphysalis calva Nuttall & Warburton, 1915
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Haemaphysalis camicasi Tomlinson & Apanaskevich, 2019
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Haemaphysalis campanulata Warburton, 1908
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Haemaphysalis canestrinii (Supino, 1897)
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Haemaphysalis capricornis Hoogstraal, 1966
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Haemaphysalis caucasica Olenev, 1928
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Haemaphysalis celebensis Hoogstraal, Trapido & Kohls, 1965
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Haemaphysalis chordeilis (Packard, 1869)
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Haemaphysalis cinnabarina Koch, 1844
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Haemaphysalis colesbergensis Apanaskevich & Horak, 2008
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Haemaphysalis concinna Koch, 1844
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Haemaphysalis cooleyi Bedford, 1929
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Haemaphysalis cornigera Neumann, 1897
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Haemaphysalis cornupunctata Hoogstraal & Varma, 1962
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Haemaphysalis cuspidata Warburton, 1910
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Haemaphysalis dangi Phan Trong, 1977
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Haemaphysalis danieli Černý & Hoogstraal, 1977
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Haemaphysalis darjeeling Hoogstraal & Dhanda, 1970
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Haemaphysalis davisi Hoogstraal, Dhanda & Bhat, 1970
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Haemaphysalis demidovae Emel'yanova, 1978
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Haemaphysalis doenitzi Warburton & Nuttall, 1909
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Haemaphysalis elliptica (Koch, 1844)
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Haemaphysalis elongata Neumann, 1897
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Haemaphysalis erinacei Pavesi, 1884
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Haemaphysalis eupleres Hoogstraal, Kohls & Trapido, 1965
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Haemaphysalis filippovae Bolotin, 1979
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Haemaphysalis flava Neumann, 1897
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Haemaphysalis formosensis Neumann, 1913
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Haemaphysalis fossae Hoogstraal, 1953
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Haemaphysalis fujisana Kitaoka, 1970
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Haemaphysalis galidiae Apanaskevich & Goodman, 2020
[Dmitry Apanaskevich and Steven M. Goodman. 2020. Description of a new species of Haemaphysalis Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae) from the H. ( Rhipistoma) asiatica subgroup, parasite of an endemic Malagasy carnivoran (Carnivora: Eupleridae). Systematic Parasitology
DOI: 10.1007/s11230-020-09943-3.]
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Haemaphysalis garhwalensis Dhanda & Bhat, 1968
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Haemaphysalis mariae Apanaskevich, 2024
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Haemaphysalis goral Hoogstraal, 1970
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Haemaphysalis grochovskajae Kolonin, 1992
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Haemaphysalis heinrichi Schulze, 1939
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Haemaphysalis hirsuta Hoogstraal, Trapido & Kohls, 1966
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Haemaphysalis hispanica Gil Collado, 1938
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Haemaphysalis hoodi Warburton & Nuttall, 1909
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Haemaphysalis hoogstraali Kohls, 1950
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Haemaphysalis horaki Apanaskevich & Tomlinson, 2019
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Haemaphysalis houyi Nuttall & Warburton, 1915
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Haemaphysalis howletti Warburton, 1913
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Haemaphysalis humerosa Warburton & Nuttall, 1909
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Haemaphysalis hylobatis Schulze, 1933
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Haemaphysalis hyracophila Hoogstraal, Walker & Neitz, 1971
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Haemaphysalis hystricis Supino, 1897
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Haemaphysalis indica Warburton, 1910
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Haemaphysalis indoflava Dhanda & Bhat, 1968
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Haemaphysalis intermedia Warburton & Nuttall, 1909
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Haemaphysalis japonica Warburton, 1908
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Haemaphysalis juxtakochi Cooley, 1946
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Haemaphysalis kadarsani Hoogstraal & Wassef, 1977
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Haemaphysalis kashmirensis Hoogstraal & Varma, 1962
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Haemaphysalis kinneari Warburton, 1913
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Haemaphysalis knobigera Prakasan & Ramani, 2007
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Haemaphysalis koningsbergeri Warburton & Nuttall, 1909
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Haemaphysalis kopetdaghica Kerbabaev, 1962
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Haemaphysalis kumaonensis Geevarghese & Mishra, 2011
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Haemaphysalis kutchensis Hoogstraal & Trapido, 1963
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Haemaphysalis kyasanurensis Trapido, Hoogstraal & Rajagopalan, 1964
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Haemaphysalis lagostrophi Roberts, 1963
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Haemaphysalis lagrangei Larrousse, 1925
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Haemaphysalis laocayensis Phan Trong, 1977
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Haemaphysalis leachi (Audouin, 1826)
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Haemaphysalis lemuris Hoogstraal, 1953
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Haemaphysalis leporispalustris (Packard, 1869)
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Haemaphysalis lobachovi Kolonin, 1995
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Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann, 1901
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Haemaphysalis luzonensis Hoogstraal & Parrish, 1968
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Haemaphysalis madagascariensis Colas-Belcour & Millot, 1948
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Haemaphysalis mageshimaensis Saito & Hoogstraal, 1973
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Haemaphysalis megalaimae Rajagopalan, 1963
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Haemaphysalis megaspinosa Saito, 1969
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Haemaphysalis menglaensis Pang, Chen & Xiang, 1982
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Haemaphysalis minuta Kohls, 1950
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Haemaphysalis mjoebergi Warburton, 1926
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Haemaphysalis montgomeryi Nuttall, 1912
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Haemaphysalis moreli Camicas, Hoogstraal & El Kammah, 1972
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Haemaphysalis moschisuga Teng, 1980
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Haemaphysalis muhsamae Santos Dias, 1954
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Haemaphysalis nadchatrami Hoogstraal, Trapido & Kohls, 1965
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Haemaphysalis nepalensis Hoogstraal, 1962
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Haemaphysalis nesomys Hoogstraal, Uilenberg & Klein, 1966
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Haemaphysalis norvali Hoogstraal & Wassef, 1983
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Haemaphysalis novaeguineae Hirst, 1914
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Haemaphysalis obesa Larrousse, 1925
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Haemaphysalis obtusa Dönitz, 1910
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Haemaphysalis oliveri Apanaskevich & Horak, 2008
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Haemaphysalis orientalis Nuttall & Warburton, 1915
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Haemaphysalis ornithophila Hoogstraal & Kohls, 1959
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Haemaphysalis palawanensis Kohls, 1950
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Haemaphysalis papuana Thorell, 1883
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Haemaphysalis paraleachi Camicas, Hoogstraal & El Kammah, 1983
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Haemaphysalis paraturturis Hoogstraal, Trapido & Rebello, 1963
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Haemaphysalis parmata Neumann, 1905
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Haemaphysalis parva Neumann, 1897
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Haemaphysalis pavlovskyi Pospelova-Shtrom, 1935
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Haemaphysalis pedetes Hoogstraal, 1972
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Haemaphysalis pentalagi Pospelova-Shtrom, 1935
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Haemaphysalis petrogalis Roberts, 1970
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Haemaphysalis phasiana Saito, Hoogstraal & Wassef, 1974
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Haemaphysalis pospelovashtromae Hoogstraal, 1966
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Haemaphysalis princeps Tomlinson & Apanaskevich, 2019
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Haemaphysalis psalistos Hoogstraal, Kohls & Parrish, 1967
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Haemaphysalis punctaleachi Camicas, Hoogstraal & El Kammah, 1973
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Haemaphysalis punctata Canestrini & Fanzago, 1878
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Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis Teng, 1980
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Haemaphysalis quadriaculeata Kolonin, 1992
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Haemaphysalis ramachandrai Dhanda, Hoogstraal & Bhat, 1970
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Haemaphysalis ratti Kohls, 1948
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Haemaphysalis renschi Schulze, 1933
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Haemaphysalis roubaudi Toumanoff, 1940
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Haemaphysalis rugosa Santos Dias, 1956
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Haemaphysalis rusae Kohls, 1950
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Haemaphysalis sambar Hoogstraal, 1971
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Haemaphysalis sciuri Kohls, 1950
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Haemaphysalis semermis Neumann, 1901
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Haemaphysalis shimoga Trapido & Hoogstraal, 1964
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Haemaphysalis silacea Robinson, 1912
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Haemaphysalis silvafelis Hoogstraal & Trapido, 1963
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Haemaphysalis simplex Neumann, 1897
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Haemaphysalis simplicima Hoogstraal & Wassef, 1979
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Haemaphysalis sinensis Zhang, 1981
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Haemaphysalis spinigera Neumann, 1897
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Haemaphysalis spinulosa Neumann, 1906
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Haemaphysalis subelongata Hoogstraal, 1953
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Haemaphysalis subterra Hoogstraal, El Kammah & Camicas, 1992
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Haemaphysalis sulcata Canestrini & Fanzago, 1878
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Haemaphysalis sumatraensis Hoogstraal, El Kammah, Kadarsan & Anastos, 1971
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Haemaphysalis sundrai Sharif, 1928
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Haemaphysalis suntzovi Kolonin, 1993
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Haemaphysalis susphilippensis Hoogstraal, Kohls & Parrish, 1968
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Haemaphysalis taiwana Sugimoto, 1936
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Haemaphysalis tauffliebi Morel, 1965
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Haemaphysalis tibetensis Hoogstraal, 1965
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Haemaphysalis tiptoni Hoogstraal, 1953
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Haemaphysalis toxopei Warburton, 1927
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Haemaphysalis traguli Oudemans, 1928
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Haemaphysalis traubi Kohls, 1955
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Haemaphysalis turturis Nuttall & Warburton, 1915
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Haemaphysalis vasilisae Apanaskevich, 2025
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Haemaphysalis verticalis Itagaki, Noda & Yamaguchi, 1944
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Haemaphysalis vidua Warburton & Nuttall, 1909
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Haemaphysalis vietnamensis Hoogstraal & Wilson, 1966
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Haemaphysalis walkerae Apanaskevich & Tomlinson, 2019
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Haemaphysalis warburtoni Nuttall, 1912
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Haemaphysalis wellingtoni Nuttall & Warburton, 1908
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Haemaphysalis yeni Toumanoff, 1944
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Haemaphysalis zumpti Hoogstraal & El Kammah, 1974
Notes
