HBeAg is a hepatitis B viral protein, produced by the HBcAg reading frame. It is an indicator of active viral replication; this means the person infected with Hepatitis B can likely transmit the virus on to another person (i.e. the person is infectious). HBeAg is considered a marker for cccDNA replication.
Structure
HBeAg is an antigen that can be found between the
icosahedral nucleocapsid core and the lipid
viral envelope (the outer most layer of the hepatitis b virus). However, HBeAg is considered "nonparticulate" or "secretory".
While both HBeAg and
HBcAg are made from the same
reading frame (multiple protein products can be produced from the same
DNA sequence and when the genes "ORF Core" and "Pre C" are translated together, the result is HBeAg), HBeAg is secreted and accumulates in serum as an
distinct soluble
antigen. Hence the reason why the presence of both proteins together acts as a marker of viral replication, and why
antibodies to these antigens are a marker of declining replication. The presence of HBeAg in the serum of patients can serve as a marker of active replication in chronic hepatitis.
Function
Although the function of HBeAg was not clearly understood, one study demonstrated that it downregulated Toll-like receptor 2 expression on hepatocytes and monocytes leading to a decrease in cytokine expression. HBeAg is dispensable for replication, as mutant viruses with defects in the pre-C region are both infectious and pathogenic.
[Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. page 2062]
See also
