Gyalectales is an order of lichen-forming fungi in the class Lecanoromycetes. It contains 5 families, 18 genus and about 550 species.
Taxonomy
The Gyalectales were introduced in a 1974 publication by
Aino Henssen and Martin Jahns,
but not formally published until 1986 by David Hawksworth and Ove Eriksson.
Phylogeny
An early (2002)
phylogenetics study showed that the order
Ostropales, as was then circumscribed, was
paraphyletic, and proposed that the Ostropales
sensu lato included the Gyalectales and
Trapeliaceae.
Although they had traditionally been considered to be only distantly related, molecular studies suggested a much closer phylogenetic relationship.
As a result, of the molecular data, Kauff and Lutzoni subsumed the Gyalectales into the Ostropales, as the latter name was published earlier (1932 vs. 1986).
In 2018, Kraichak and colleagues used a recently developed "temporal phylogenetic" approach to identify temporal bands for specific taxonomic ranks. Based on this approach, clades that share a common ancestor between 176 and 194 Mya and a time window of 111–135 Mya correspond to order-level and family-level, respectively. The Gyalectales clade, consisting of the families Trichotheliaceae, Coenogoniaceae, Sagiolechiaceae, Gyalectaceae and Phlyctidaceae, has a crown group node that falls within the temporal band for orders. For this reason the name Gyalectales was resurrected to represent the monophyletic clade.
This proposed classification has been accepted in a later review of the temporal banding method for fungus systematics,
Families and genera
This is a list of the families and genera contained within the Gyalectales, based on a 2022 review and summary of fungal classification.
Following the taxon name is the taxonomic authority, year of publication, and (for genera) the number of species:
- : Coenogonium
- : Cryptolechia – 11 spp.
- : Francisrosea
- : Gyalecta
- : Neopetractis
- : Ramonia – 24 spp.
- : Semigyalecta
- : Phlyctis
- : Psathyrophlyctis
- : Rhexophiale – 1 sp.
- : Sagiolechia
- : Clathroporina – ca. 25 spp.
- : Flabelloporina
- : Myeloconis
- : Porina – ca. 145 spp.
- : Pseudosagedia
- : Saxiloba
- : Segestria – 70 spp.
- : Trichothelium
