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Gonane ( cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene) is a chemical compound with formula , whose structure consists of four hydrocarbon rings Fused compound together: three cyclohexane units and one cyclopentane. It can also be viewed as the result of fusing a cyclopentane molecule with a fully hydrogenation molecule of phenanthrene, hence the more descriptive name " perhydrocyclopentaaphenanthrene". The non-systematic version of the above name is "cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene".
It has no double bonds, that is, it is completely saturated and is considered the main structure of , often referred to as the steroid nucleus. There are many forms of gonane, but only a few occur naturally in living organisms. Some common forms include 5α-gonane and 5β-gonane. Estrane, androstane, and pregnane are derivatives of gonane with additional methyl or ethyl groups attached to certain carbon positions. The term gonane is also used to describe a group of that are similar to levonorgestrel but have a slightly different structure than other hormones like estranes.
The discovery of gonane and its role as a steroid nucleus has been fundamental in understanding the structure and function of various steroid hormones. The numbering of steroid rings is determined based on the skeletal structure of gonane, providing a framework for the classification and identification of different steroids.
Because gonane has six centers of chirality, it has 64 (26) theoretically possible , that differ on the position of the lone hydrogens at carbons 5, 8, 9, 10, 13 and 14 in the direction perpendicular to the mean plane of the carbons. However, only a few of these stereoisomers occur in living organisms. The most common are 5α-gonane and 5β-gonane.
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