Wiki: Gempylidae - upcScavenger

The Gempylidae are a family of scombriform ray-finned fishes commonly known as snake mackerels or escolars. The family includes about 25 species.

They are elongated fishes with a similar appearance to , having a long dorsal fin, usually with one or finlets trailing it. The largest species, including the snoek ( Leionura atun), grow up to long, and the oilfish ( Ruvettus pretiosus) can reach , though they rarely surpass . Like the barracudas, they are predators, with fang-like teeth.

(1998). 9780125476652, Academic Press. ISBN 9780125476652

Taxonomy

Subfamily Clade 1 Mthethwa, 2023

Genus Diplospinus

Diplospinus multistriatus Maul, 1948 (Striped escolar)

Genus Gempylus

Gempylus serpens Georges Cuvier, 1829 (Snake mackerel)

Genus Nealotus

Nealotus tripes J. Y. Johnson, 1865 (Black Snake mackerel)

Genus Nesiarchus

Nesiarchus nasutus J. Y. Johnson, 1862 (Black gemfish)

Genus Paradiplospinus

Paradiplospinus antarcticus Andriashev, 1960 (Antarctic escolar)
Paradiplospinus gracilis (A. B. Brauer, 1906) (Slender escolar)

Genus Promethichthys

Promethichthys prometheus (G. Cuvier, 1832) (Roudi escolar)

Genus Rexea

Rexea alisae C. D. Roberts & A. L. Stewart, 1997
Rexea antefurcata Parin, 1989 (Long-finned escolar)
Rexea bengalensis (Alcock, 1894) (Bengal escolar)
Rexea brevilineata Parin, 1989 (Short-lined escolar)
Rexea nakamurai Parin, 1989 (Nakamura's escolar)
Rexea prometheoides (Pieter Bleeker, 1856) (Royal escolar)
Rexea solandri (Georges Cuvier, 1832) (Silver gemfish)

Genus Rexichthys

Rexichthys johnpaxtoni Parin & Astakhov, 1987 (Paxton’s escolar)

Genus Leionura

Leionura atun (Euphrasén, 1791) (Snoek)

Genus Thyrsites

Thyrsites lepidopodea (Lesson, 1831) (White snake mackerel))

Genus Thyrsitoides

Thyrsitoides marleyi Fowler, 1929 (Blacksail snake mackerel)
Thyrsitoides zarahoustrae Arambourg, 1967

Genus Tongaichthys

Tongaichthys robustus I. Nakamura & E. Fujii, 1983 (Tonga escolar)

Subfamily Clade 2 Mthethwa, 2023

Genus Epinnula

Epinnula magistralis Poey, 1854
Epinnula pacifica Ho, Motomura, Hata & Jiang, 2017

Genus Lepidocybium

Escolar (A. Smith, 1843) (Escolar)

Genus Neoepinnula

Neoepinnula americana (M. G. Grey, 1953) (American sackfish)
Neoepinnula minetomai Nakayama, Y. Kimura & Endo, 2014 (Large-eyed sackfish)
Neoepinnula orientalis (Gilchrist & von Bonde, 1924) (Sackfish)

Genus Ruvettus

Oilfish Anastasio Cocco, 1833 (Oilfish)

The Gempylidae are broadly categorized into two clades; Clade 1, which includes more derived & Anguilliformity genera, and Clade 2, which includes more basal & fusiform genera. The Trichiuridae are an outgroup.

Gempylidae are believed to have first evolved at least 20 million years after the Late Cretaceus Extinction event, potentially due to tectonic plate movements.

Fossil genera

The following fossil genera are known:

† Abadzekhia Bannikov, 1985
† Chelifichthys Carnevale, 2006
† Eothyrsites Chapman, 1934
† Hemithyrsites Daniltshenko, 1960
† Progempylus Casier, 1966
† Thyrsitocephalus vom Rath, 1859

Timeline

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from: -55.8   till:  -33.9    color:eocene  text:[[Eocene]]
from: -33.9   till:  -23.03    color:oligocene  text:[[Oligocene]]
from: -23.03    till: -5.332    color:miocene    text:[[Miocene]]
from: -5.332    till: -2.588    color:pliocene    text:Plio.
from: -2.588    till: -0.0117   color:pleistocene    text:Pleist.
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color:eocene bar:NAM1  from:	-39.4	till:	0	text:	[[Lepidocybium]]
color:eocene bar:NAM2  from:	-36.9	till:	0	text:	[[Ruvettus]]
color:oligocene bar:NAM3  from:	-25.3	till:	0	text:	[[Epinnula]]
color:miocene bar:NAM4  from:	-13.8	till:	0	text:	[[Neoepinnula]]
color:oligocene bar:NAM5  from:	-27.8	till:	-23	text:	[[Eothyrsites]]
color:eocene bar:NAM6  from:	-39.2	till:	0	text:	[[Nesiarchus]]
color:oligocene bar:NAM7  from:	-31	till:	0	text:	[[Gempylus]]
color:oligocene bar:NAM8  from:	-31	till:	0	text:	[[Thyrsitoides]]
color:oligocene bar:NAM9  from:	-29.1	till:	0	text:	[[Rexea solandri]]
color:miocene bar:NAM10  from:	-20.4	till:	0	text:	Rexea antefurcata
color:miocene bar:NAM11  from:	-8.2	till:	0	text:	Rexea prometheoides
color:miocene bar:NAM12  from:	-8.2	till:	0	text:	[[Rexea nakamurai]]
color:oligocene bar:NAM13  from:	-31.4	till:	0	text:	[[Thyrsites]]
color:miocene bar:NAM14  from:	-20.6	till:	0	text:	[[Promethichthys]]
color:miocene bar:NAM15  from:	-20.6	till:	0	text:	[[Nealotus]]
color:miocene bar:NAM16  from:	-15.7	till:	0	text:	[[Diplospinus]]
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from: -23.03    till: -5.332    color:miocene    text:[[Miocene]]
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Gempylidae

( Percomorpha Families )

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Gempylidae ( Percomorpha Families )

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Gempylidae

( Percomorpha Families )