Galle (, ; , ) (formerly ) is a major city on the southwestern tip of Sri Lanka, south of Colombo. Galle is the provincial capital and largest city of Southern Province, Sri Lanka and is the capital of Galle District.
Galle was known as Gimhathiththa
Other prominent in Galle include the Galle Harbour, the National Maritime Museum, St. Mary's Cathedral founded by Jesuit , one of the main Shiva temples on the island, and Amangalla, the historic luxury hotel. On 26 December 2004, the city was devastated by the massive tsunami caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, which occurred off the coast of Indonesia a thousand miles away. Thousands were killed in the city alone. Galle is home to the Galle International Stadium, which is considered to be one of the most picturesque cricket grounds in the world.
Important natural geographical features in Galle include Rumassala in Unawatuna, a large mound-like hill that forms the eastern protective barrier to Galle Harbour. Local tradition associates this hill with some events of Ramayana, one of the great Hindu epics. The major river in the area is the Gin Ganga, which begins from Gongala Kanda, passes villages such as Neluwa, Nagoda, Baddegama, Thelikada and Wakwella, and reaches the sea at Gintota. The river is bridged at Wakwella by the Wakwella Bridge.
Etymology
Galle was known as
Gimhathitha in ancient times. The term is believed to be derived from the classical
Sinhala language term meaning "port near the River Gin". It is believed that the town got its name as
Gaalla in the native tongue as a result of the large number of bullock carts that took shelter in the area, following the long slow journeys from remote areas of the island.
Gaala in Sinhala means the place where cattle are herded together; hence the Sinhalese name for Galle, ගාල්ල, is a development from
Gaala.
Another theory is that the word
Galle is derived from the Latin word
gallus or the Portuguese word
galo, which mean '
rooster'. The Dutch used the rooster as a symbol of Galle.
History
According to James Emerson Tennent (Colonial Secretary of Ceylon) Galle was the ancient seaport of
Tarshish,
from which
King Solomon drew
ivory,
and other valuables.
Cinnamon was exported from Sri Lanka as early as 1400 BC, and as the root of the word itself is
Hebrew language, Galle may have been a main entrepôt for the spice.
Ancient Greek and Roman geographers may have known about Galle, which they might have called the Cape of Birds. Ptolemy might also have known about the port which he referred to as Odoka. Moroccan traveller Ibn Battuta visited Galle (or Qali as he called it) in 1342. During the 12th and 13th centuries, Sinhalese refugees fleeing Tamil armies from the north began to settle in Galle and other nearby areas.
Galle had been a prominent seaport long before western rule in the country: Persian people, Arabs, Greeks, Ancient Rome, Malays, , and China were doing business through Galle's port. In 1411, the Galle Trilingual Inscription, a stone tablet inscription in three languages, Chinese language, Tamil language and Persian language, was erected in Galle to commemorate the second visit to Ceylon by the Chinese admiral Zheng He. In 1502, a small fleet of Portugal ships, under the command of Lourenço de Almeida on their way to the Maldives, were blown off course by a storm. Realising that the King resided in Kotte close to Colombo, Lourenço proceeded there after a brief stop in Galle.
In 1640, the Portuguese were forced to surrender to the Dutch East India Company. The Dutch built the present Galle Fort in 1663. They built a fortified solid granite wall and three bastions, known as "Sun", "Moon" and "Star".
After the British Ceylon took over the country from the Dutch in 1796, they preserved the fort unchanged and used it as the administrative centre of the district.
Climate
Galle features a tropical rainforest climate. The city has no true
dry season, though it is noticeably drier in the months of January and February. As is commonplace with many cities with this type of climate, temperatures show little variation throughout the course of the year, with average temperatures hovering at around throughout.
Cityscape
Wards
Galle has twenty wards:
-
Gintota
-
Dadalla
-
Bope
-
Kumbalwella
-
Madawalamulla
-
Deddugoda
-
Maitipe
-
Dangedara
-
Bataganvila
-
Sangamiththapura
-
Galwadugoda
-
Kandew
-
Galle Town
-
Weliwaththa
-
Thalapitiya
-
Makuluwa
-
Milidduwa
-
Magalle
-
Katugoda
-
Imaduwa
Governance
The Galle Municipal Council governs the City of Galle, established under the Municipalities Ordinance of 1865. It was at the time, only the third municipal council in the country. The first mayor of the city, Wijeyananda Dahanayake, was appointed in 1939; he later became the fifth Prime Minister of Ceylon.
The last appointed mayor was Methsiri De Silva, who served from 2009 to 2016. The mayoral system has been dissolved the Galle administration, with the city presently administered by a commissioner. The main vision of the city is "Building of moderate city through the supply of relatively increased utility services to the citizens who pay taxes to the Galle Municipal Council". The other vision is to brand Galle as "Green City-Green Galle" to create and promote Galle as one of Sri Lanka's cool and healthy coastal cities with a clean green canopy.
Demographics
Galle is a sizeable city by Sri Lankan standards, and has a population of 101,749, the majority of whom are of
Sinhalese people ethnicity, with a large population of Sri Lankan Moor (Muslims), particularly in the fort area, who descend from
Arab merchants that settled in the ancient port of Galle and married
Sinhalese people women. Galle is also notable for its foreign population, both residents and owners of holiday homes. Religious composition in Galle DS division according to 2012 census is as follows Buddhist-66,840-65.69%,Islam-32,865-32.30%,Roman Catholic-898-0.88%,Hindu-724-0.71%,Other Christian-402-0.40%,Others-20-0.02%.
Education
Schools
Galle is home to some of the oldest leading schools in Sri Lanka, with twenty-nine government schools and five international schools constituting the city's educational system. Some of the schools located in Galle city are listed below.
|
|
| 1867 |
| 1941 |
| 1900 |
| 1888 |
| 1997 |
| 2011 |
| 2007 |
| 1900 |
| 2007 |
| 1892 |
| 1918 |
| 2001 |
| 1937 |
| 1876 |
| 1817 |
| 1896 |
| 1895 |
| 1919 |
| 1995 |
| 1895 |
| 1885 |
| 2006 |
| Upananda College | 1909 |
| 1941 |
Universities
Three main faculties of the University of Ruhuna are located in Galle. The Faculty of Engineering is located at Hapugala, about 6 km from the city center. The Faculty of Medicine is located at Karapitiya near the Karapitiya Teaching Hospital. The Faculty of Allied Health Sciences of the University of Ruhuna is located in Uluwitike, in the city limits. A study centre of the Open University of Sri Lanka is also located in Galle, at Labuduwa junction.
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Faculty of Engineering, University of Ruhuna
-
Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna
-
Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Ruhuna
-
Study Centre, Open University of Sri Lanka
Higher education institutes
The Advanced Technological Institute in
Labuduwa, Galle was started in 2000, and it planned to offer Higher National Diploma in Information Technology and Higher National Diploma in Agriculture Technology – HNDT (Agri). Since then, Labuduwa ATI has been a pioneer in technological education in Sri Lanka. The National Institute of Business Management in Galle was established in 2010 to provide higher education opportunities in the fields of information technology and business management. The Ruhunu National College of Education, operated under the auspices of the Ministry of Education, trains teachers training for government schools in Kurunduwatta, Galle. Additionally, the Amarasuriya Teachers' Training College for government school teachers is in Unawatuna, Galle.
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Advanced Technological Institute (ATI)
-
National Institute of Business Management (NIBM)
-
Ruhunu National College of Education
-
Amarasuriya Teachers' Training College
-
Mercantile Seamen Training Institute (MSTI)
Transport
Galle is served by Sri Lanka Railways' Coastal Line and is connected by rail to Colombo and Matara. Galle Railway Station is a major station on the line and serves as the meeting point of the west- and south-coast segments of the line.
The A2 highway, which is commonly known as the Galle Road, runs through the city and connects Galle to Colombo by the west-coast portion, and to
Hambanthota by the south-coast portion.
The Southern Expressway, Sri Lanka's first E Class highway, links the Sri Lankan capital Colombo with Galle and currently reduces the time spent for travel to one hour from the three hours taken by the regular A2 highway.
Twin towns – sister cities
Galle is twinned with:
Notable people
see
People from Galle
See also
External links
