Fluorenol

 ( Algaecides ) 

Fluorenol, also known as hydrafinil, is an alcohol derivative of fluorene. In the most significant isomer, fluoren-9-ol or 9-hydroxyfluorene, the hydroxy group is located on the bridging carbon between the two benzene rings. Hydroxyfluorene can be converted to fluorenone by oxidation. It is a white-cream colored solid at room temperature.

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Toxicity Fluorenol is toxic to aquatic organisms including algae, bacteria, and crustaceans. Fluorenol was patented as an insecticide in 1939, US patent 2197249: Insecticide and is an algaecide against the green algae Dunaliella bioculata. MSDS

Its toxicity and in humans are unknown.

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Mechanism of action The mechanism of action of fluorenol is unknown.Clifford W Fong. Modafinil and modafinil analogues: free radical mechanism of the eugeroic and cognitive enhancement effect. Research Eigenenergy. 2018. ffhal-01933737f

The lipophilicity of fluorenol (LogP 2.4) is higher than that of drugs like modafinil (LogP 1.7) and amphetamine (LogP 1.8), suggesting that it may penetrate the blood brain barrier more readily.

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Eugeroic A study published by Cephalon describing research to develop a successor to the eugeroic modafinil reported that the corresponding fluorenol derivative was 39% more effective than modafinil at keeping mice awake over a 4-hour period. However, after further investigation it was determined that the eugeroic activity of the fluorenol analog was likely due to an active metabolite, which they identify as fluorenol itself. Fluorenol is a weak dopamine reuptake inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 9 μM, notably 59% weaker than modafinil (IC₅₀ = 3.70 μM), potentially making it even less liable for drug addiction. It also showed no affinity for cytochrome P450 2C19, unlike modafinil.

There is no evidence (binding assays, occupancy, predicted structure) to suggest that fluorenol acts as a 5-HT₆ antagonist, contrary to some popular claims.

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Sale as research chemical

The unscheduled nature of fluorenol has caused it to fall into a legal grey area in most countries. Despite being associated with modafinil, fluorenol is not a substituted derivative of it, making its scheduling unimplied by Analogue Act.

Fluorenol is a relatively obscure compound in the research chemical market. According to an online survey with over 3000 respondents, only 2% of modafinil users have reported using fluorenol.

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See also

• Adrafinil
• Armodafinil
• CRL-40,940
• CRL-40,941
• Fluorenone

Categories: Algaecides, Biocides, Designer Drugs, Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors, Drugs With Unknown Mechanisms Of Action, Fluorenes, Insecticides, Secondary Alcohols, Wakefulness-promoting Agents, World Anti-doping Agency Prohibited Substances

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