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Flashdance is a 1983 American romantic drama directed by and starring as a passionate young dancer, Alex Owens, who aspires to become a professional , alongside , who plays her boyfriend and the owner of the where she works by day in . It was the first collaboration of producers and Jerry Bruckheimer, and the presentation of some sequences in the style of was an influence on other 1980s films including Footloose, Purple Rain, and , Simpson and Bruckheimer's most famous production. It was also one of Lyne's first major film releases, building on television commercials. Alex's elaborate dance sequences were shot using (Beals's main double was the uncredited French actress , while a move was doubled by the male dancer Crazy Legs).

(2026). 9780199897834, Oxford University Press.

The film opened to negative reviews by professional , including , who panned it as "great sound and flashdance, signifying nothing" (and eventually placed it on his "most hated" list). It was a surprise box-office success, becoming the third-highest-grossing film of 1983 in the United States. Its worldwide box-office gross exceeded $200 million. The soundtrack, compiled by , spawned several hit songs, including "Maniac" (performed by ), and the Academy Award–winning "Flashdance... What a Feeling", which was written for the film by Moroder, with lyrics by and the singer . Flashdance is also often remembered for its featuring Beals sporting a with a large neck hole (according to the actress, her look in the scene came about by accident after she simply cut a large hole at the top of one that had shrunk in the wash).

Plot
Alex Owens is an eighteen-year-old at a in , who lives with her male dog, Grunt, in a converted warehouse. She aspires to become a professional dancer, but has no formal dance training and works as a nightly cabaret performer at Mawby's, a neighborhood bar and grill.

Lacking family, Alex bonds with her coworkers at Mawby's, some of whom also aspire to greater artistic achievements. Jeanie, a waitress, is training to be a , while her boyfriend, short-order cook Richie, hopes to become a .

One night, Alex catches the eye of customer Nick Hurley, the owner of the steel mill where she works. After learning that she is one of his employees, he pursues her on the job, though Alex turns down his advances. Alex is also approached by Johnny C., who wants her to dance at his nearby , Zanzibar.

After seeking counsel from her mentor, retired Hanna Long, Alex attempts to apply to the Pittsburgh Conservatory of Dance and Repertory. She becomes intimidated by the scope of the application process, which includes listing all prior dance experience and education, so she leaves without applying. Leaving Mawby's one evening, Richie and Alex are assaulted by Johnny C. and his bodyguard, Cecil. Nick intervenes, and after following Alex home, the two begin a relationship.

In a skating competition, Jeanie falls twice during her performance and sits defeated on the ice before being helped away. Discouraged by her failure and the departure of Richie, who has decided to try his luck in Los Angeles, Jeanie begins dating Johnny C. and working as one of his strippers at Zanzibar. After finding out about Jeanie's situation from Jake, the owner of Mawby's, Alex finds her and drags her out of Zanzibar. Jeanie is angry, but she soon realizes her mistake.

After seeing Nick with a woman at the ballet one night, Alex throws a rock through a window of his house, only to discover that it was his ex-wife, whom he was meeting for a charity function. Alex and Nick reconcile, and she gains the courage to apply to the Conservatory. He uses his connections with the arts council to get Alex an audition, as she does not have formal dance training.

Upon discovering this, Alex is furious with Nick because she did not get the opportunity based on her own merit, so she decides not to go to the audition. After the sudden death of Hanna and seeing the results of others' failed dreams, Alex becomes despondent over her future, but following a conversation with another dancer at Mawby's, who encourages her to persevere, Alex has a change of heart and goes through with the audition after all.

At the audition, Alex falters, but begins again and successfully completes a dance number composed of moves that she has studied and practiced, including which she has seen on the streets of Pittsburgh. The board responds favorably, and she joyously emerges from the Conservatory to find Nick and Grunt waiting for her with a bouquet of roses.

Cast
Production
Development
In April 1980, sold the film idea for development to Casablanca, a production company, for $300,000 and 5% of the net, as reported in The Globe and Mail. Hedley based the concept on the lives of exotic dancers he had met while editor of magazine such as Gina Healey and Maureen Marder. Marder and Healey were paid $2,500 each for their life stories.

Hedley's script was eventually sold to and for PolyGram Pictures, who took the script with them to Paramount Pictures. However, the latter studio had less confidence in the film and placed it into turnaround for two years. Development of the film resumed when , who believed the film could be successful, resigned from his executive post at Paramount Pictures to co-produce the film with Jerry Bruckheimer in their first collaboration. They got Paramount to greenlight the film by hiring to rewrite Hedley's script.

was not the first choice as of Flashdance. had turned down an offer to direct as he felt he would have destroyed the film, as had Brian De Palma, who instead chose to direct Scarface (1983). At the time, Lyne's background was primarily in directing television commercials, such as his 1970s UK commercials for (which may conceivably be seen as anticipating the visuals and style of Flashdance). Lyne agreed to direct because he wanted to establish enough confidence from studios in his directorial skills to get his next film 9½ Weeks (1986) approved. Executives at Paramount were unsure about the film's potential and sold 25% of the rights prior to its release.

Casting
Three candidates, , and , were the finalists for the role of Alex Owens. Two different stories exist regarding how Beals was chosen. One states that then-Paramount president asked women secretaries at the studio to select their favorite after viewing screen tests. The other: the film's screenwriter Eszterhas claims that Eisner asked "two hundred of the most macho men on the Paramount lot, Teamsters and gaffers and grips ... 'I want to know which of these three young women you'd most want to fuck.'"
(2010). 9780307530875, Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. .

The role of Nick Hurley was originally offered to Kiss founding member , who turned it down because it would conflict with his "demon" image. , a struggling actor at the time, came very close for the role of Nick, which went to .

Crew
Flashdance was the first success of a number of filmmakers who became successful in the 1980s and beyond. The film was the first collaboration between Don Simpson and Jerry Bruckheimer, who went on to produce Beverly Hills Cop (1984) and (1986). Eszterhas received his second screen credit for Flashdance, while Lyne went on to direct 9½ Weeks (1986), (1987), Indecent Proposal (1993), and Lolita (1997). , who developed the original story outline, went on to produce Adventures in Babysitting (1987), The Fisher King (1991), and Sleepless in Seattle (1993).

Filming
The film was shot between October 18, 1982, and December 30, 1982, in and Los Angeles.

The dimly lit and montage-style are due in part to the fact that most of Jennifer Beals' dancing in the film was performed by a . Her main dance double is the French actress , while the that Alex performs in the audition sequence at the end of the film was doubled by the male dancer Crazy Legs. The shot of Alex diving through the air in slow motion during the audition sequence was performed by , who was a professional . The producers of the film stated they had made no secret of having used a double for Beals, and that Jahan's name did not appear because Paramount Pictures shortened the closing credits. Marine Jahan was told that her involvement was hidden because "they didn't want to break the magic of the film".

Flashdance is often remembered for the with a large neck hole that Beals wore on the poster advertising the film. Beals said that the look of the sweatshirt came about by accident when it shrank in the wash and she cut out a large hole at the top so that she could wear it again.

Locations
Much of the film was shot in locations around , Pennsylvania. The opening sequence of scenes with Alex riding her bicycle starts in the Fineview neighborhood. The last scene of the sequence shows Alex riding east over the Smithfield Street Bridge, which is a continuity error. Alex's apartment was located in the South Side neighborhood. When Alex goes to visit Hanna Long (), she is seen riding one of the cable cars. Hanna's apartment is located at 2100 Sidney Street at the southeast corner of South 21st Street.

The fictional Pittsburgh Conservatory of Dance and Repertory was filmed inside the lobby and in front of Carnegie Music Hall, a part of the Carnegie Museum of Art, located near the campuses of Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh.

The interior of Alex's apartment was filmed in Los Angeles at what was the Feit Electric Building on Los Angeles Street. Additionally, the set for Mawby's was located in downtown Los Angeles. The ice skating rink scene on which Jeanie Szabo () performs was filmed at Culver Ice Rink in Culver City, California.

Music
"Flashdance... What a Feeling" was performed by , who also sang the title song for the similar 1980 film Fame. The music for "Flashdance... What a Feeling" was composed by , and the lyrics were written by Cara and . The song won an Academy Award for Best Original Song, as well as a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song and numerous other awards. It also reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 in May 1983. Despite the song's title, the word "Flashdance" itself is not heard in the lyrics. The song is used in the opening title sequence of the film, and is the music Alex uses in her dance audition routine at the end of the film.

Another song used in the film, "Maniac", was also nominated for an Academy Award. It was written by and Dennis Matkosky. A popular holds that the song was originally written for the 1980 Maniac, and that lyrics about a killer on the loose were rewritten so the song could be used in Flashdance. The legend is discredited in the special features of the film's release, which reveal that the song was written for the film, although only two complete lyrics ("Just a steel town girl on a Saturday night" and "She's a maniac") were available when filming commenced. Like the title song, it reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 in September 1983.

Other songs in the film include "Lady, Lady, Lady", performed by Joe Esposito, "Imagination" performed by , and "I'll Be Here Where the Heart Is", performed by .

The of Flashdance sold 700,000 copies during its first two weeks on sale and has gone on to sell over six million copies in the U.S. alone. In 1984, the album won the Grammy Award for Best Album of Original Score Written for a Motion Picture or a Television Special at the 26th Annual Grammy Awards.

Release
Flashdance was released in the United States on April 15, 1983. On April 14, 1983, the night before the general release of the film, a special benefit premiere of Flashdance was shown at the Warner Theater in Pittsburgh. It was the last film at the theater. Several months later it was torn down to make way for the , a retail and office complex.

Home media
Flashdance has been issued originally on and with a Paramount Home Entertainment release on October 8, 2002, and a Special Collector's Edition DVD in 2010. It was first released on Disc on August 13, 2013, by Warner Bros. with seven special features including a 15-minute featurette, "The History of Flashdance", a 9-minute featurette, "The Look of Flashdance", " Flashdance: The Choreography" and a teaser and theatrical trailers. The film was re-released on Blu-ray in the U.S. on May 19, 2020, by Paramount Presents with a new 4K remaster and packaging. It includes a new Filmmakers Focus interview with the director but excludes a few special features from the previous Blu-ray release.

Reception
Critical response
The film received negative reviews from critics. On the film has an approval rating of 37% based on 49 reviews, with an average rating of 4.80/10. The site's consensus is: "All style and very little substance, Flashdance boasts eye-catching dance sequences—and benefits from an appealing performance from Jennifer Beals—but its narrative is flat-footed".

placed it on his list of most hated films, and in giving the film 1.5 out of 4 stars in his review, stated: "Jennifer Beals shouldn't feel bad. She is a natural talent, she is fresh and engaging here, and only needs to find an agent with a natural talent for turning down scripts". In his review for the Chicago Sun-Times, Ebert said "If Flashdance had spent just a little more effort getting to know the heroine of its story, and a little less time trying to rip off Saturday Night Fever, it might have been a much better film." Variety compared the film to a series of music videos, "Watching Flashdance is pretty much like looking at for 96 minutes. Virtually plotless, exceedingly thin on characterization and sociologically laughable, pic at least lives up to its title by offering an anthology of extraordinarily flashy dance numbers." of The New York Times wrote: "With a score by Giorgio Moroder, and with ingenious costumes that are utterly au courant, Flashdance contains such dynamic dance scenes that it's a pity there's a story here to bog them down."

In a 1984 essay for the journal Jump Cut, critic Kathryn Kalinak questioned the characterization of Alex: "How could an 18 year-old woman land a skilled labor job as a welder in the unionized steel industry of an economically depressed union town? ... Not only are any other women missing in the factory, so are employees, male or female, under 30."

Accolades
Academy AwardsBest Cinematography
Best Film EditingBud S. Smith and
Best Original Song"Flashdance... What a Feeling"
Music by ;
Lyrics by and
"Maniac"
Music and Lyrics by and Dennis Matkosky
American Cinema Editors AwardsBest Edited Feature FilmBud S. Smith and Walt Mulconery
Blue Ribbon AwardsBest Foreign Film
British Academy Film AwardsBest EditingBud S. Smith and Walt Mulconery
Best Score for a FilmGiorgio Moroder
Best Original Song Written for a Film"Flashdance... What a Feeling"
Music by Giorgio Moroder;
Lyrics by Keith Forsey and Irene Cara
Best Sound, Robert Glass, , and James E. Webb
Golden Globe AwardsBest Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy
Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy
Best Original Score – Motion PictureGiorgio Moroder
Best Original Song – Motion Picture"Flashdance... What a Feeling"
Music by Giorgio Moroder;
Lyrics by Keith Forsey and Irene Cara
"Maniac"
Music and Lyrics by Michael Sembello and Dennis Matkosky
Golden Raspberry AwardsWorst ScreenplayScreenplay by and ;
Story by Tom Hedley
Grammy AwardsAlbum of the Year
Various Artists and Giorgio Moroder
Record of the Year"Flashdance... What a Feeling" – Irene Cara and Giorgio Moroder
"Maniac" – and Michael Sembello
Song of the Year"Maniac" – Dennis Matkosky and Michael Sembello
Best Pop Vocal Performance, Male"Maniac" – Michael Sembello
Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female"Flashdance... What a Feeling" – Irene Cara
Best Pop Instrumental Performance"Love Theme from Flashdance" – Helen St. John
Best Instrumental Composition"Love Theme from Flashdance" – Giorgio Moroder
Best Album of Original Score Written for a Motion Picture or a Television SpecialFlashdance: Original Soundtrack from the Motion Picture
Michael Boddicker, Irene Cara, , , Keith Forsey, Richard Gilbert, , Duane Hitchings, , Ronald Magness, Dennis Matkosky, Giorgio Moroder, Phil Ramone, Michael Sembello and
Hochi Film AwardsBest International PictureAdrian Lyne
Japan Academy PrizeOutstanding Foreign Language Film
NAACP Image AwardsOutstanding Actress in a Motion PictureJennifer Beals
National Music Publishers' AssociationBest Song in a MovieIrene Cara
People's Choice AwardsFavorite Theme/Song from a Motion Picture"Flashdance... What a Feeling"
Satellite AwardsBest DVD Extras

The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:

  • 2004: AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs:
    • "Flashdance... What a Feeling" – #55

Legacy
There were discussions about a sequel, but the film was never made. Beals turned down an offer to appear in a sequel, saying: "I've never been drawn to something by virtue of how rich or famous it will make me. I turned down so much money, and my agents were just losing their minds."

In March 2001, a musical version was proposed with new songs by , but failed to materialize. In July 2008, a stage musical adaptation Flashdance The Musical premiered at the Theatre Royal in , England. The is co-written by , who created the story outline for the original film, and the is by .

In October 2020, Paramount announced plans to reboot the film as a TV series for Paramount+.

Jennifer Beals' performance started her reputation as a .

Connection to MTV
Flashdance is not a in the traditional sense as none of the characters sing or dance, although the Alex character is portrayed as an amateur dancer, but rather the songs are presented in the style of self-contained . Its success has been attributed in part to the 1981 launch of the channel MTV (Music Television) since it was the first feature film to exploit the new popularity of music videos effectively. By excerpting segments of the film and running them as music videos on MTV, the studio benefited from extensive free promotion, establishing the new medium as an important marketing tool for films. In the mid-1980s, it became almost obligatory to release a music video to promote a major motion picture—even if the film was not especially suited for one.
(1986). 9781879505193, Morrow. .

Legal action
Suit against the filmmakers
Flashdance was inspired by the real-life story of Maureen Marder, a construction worker/welder by day and dancer by night at Gimlets, a strip club. Like Alex Owens in the film, she aspired to enroll in a prestigious dance school. Tom Hedley wrote the original story outline for Flashdance, and on December 6, 1982, Marder signed a release document giving Paramount Pictures the right to portray her life story on screen, for which she was given a one-off payment of $2,300. Flashdance is estimated to have grossed more than $200 million worldwide. In June 2006, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in San Francisco affirmed a lower court's ruling that Marder gave up her rights to the film when she signed the release document in 1982. The panel of three judges stated in its ruling: "Though in hindsight the agreement appears to be unfair to Marder—she only received $2,300 in exchange for a release of all claims relating to a movie that grossed over $150 million—there is simply no evidence that her consent was obtained by , deception, misrepresentation, duress or ." The court also noted that Marder's had been present when she signed the document.

Suit against Jennifer Lopez and filmmakers over music video
In 2003, following the use of dance routines from the film by in her music video "I'm Glad" (directed by ), Marder sued Lopez, (the makers of the music video) and Paramount in an attempt to gain a interest in the film. Although Lopez argued that her video for "I'm Glad" was intended as a tribute to Flashdance, Sony settled a copyright infringement lawsuit out of court for the use of dance routines and other story material from the film in the video.

See also
  • It's Flashbeagle, Charlie Brown
  • List of American films of 1983
  • Duquesne Brewery Clock
  • Dance, Girl, Dance

External links
: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
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