Filasterea is a proposed basal clade of single-celled ameboid eukaryotes that includes Ministeria and Capsaspora.
Etymology
From Latin
filum meaning "
thread" and
Greek
aster meaning "
star", it indicates the main morphological features shared by all their integrants: small, rounded amoeboids with a mononucleated cellular body, covered in long and radiating cell protrusions known as filopodia. These filopodia may be involved in substrate adhesion and capture of prey.
Applications
There are currently cultures from two filasterean species:
Capsaspora owczarzaki and
Ministeria vibrans, the first isolated from within a fresh-water snail, the second a marine, free-living bacteriovore. The complete genome sequences of
C. owczarzaki,
,
Pigoraptor vietnamica and
Pigoraptor chileana have been obtained. Comparative analyses have shown that Filasterea are key to unravelling the genetic repertoire of the unicellular ancestor of animals and for providing insights into the origin of Metazoa.
Metabarcoding analyses of 18S ribosomal RNA in marine environments have failed to recover other filasterean representatives,
suggesting this clade may not be especially abundant in natural ecosystems.
Taxonomy
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Class Filasterea Shalchian-Tabrizi et al. 2008
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Order Ministeriida Cavalier-Smith 1997
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Family Ministeriidae Cavalier-Smith 2008
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Genus Ministeria Patterson et al. 1993
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Ministeria marisola Patterson et al. 1993
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Ministeria vibrans Tong 1997
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Family Txikisporidae Urrutia, Feist & Bass 2021
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Genus Txikispora Urrutia, Feist & Bass 2021
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Txikispora philomaios Urrutia, Feist & Bass 2021
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Family Capsasporidae Cavalier-Smith 2008
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Genus Capsaspora Hertel et al. 2002
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Capsaspora owczarzaki Hertel et al. 2002
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Genus Pigoraptor Tikhonenkov et al. 2017
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Pigoraptor chileana Tikhonenkov et al. 2017
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Pigoraptor vietnamica Tikhonenkov et al. 2017
In some research Capsaspora is found to be more closely related to Choanozoa than Ministeria.
