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Fervaal, Opus number 40, is an opera ( action musicale or lyric drama) in three acts with a prologue by the French composer Vincent d'Indy. The composer wrote his own libretto, based in part on the lyric poem Axel by the Swedish author Esaias Tegnér. D'Indy worked on the opera during the years 1889 to 1895, and the score was published in 1895.
In concert, it was presented by RTF in 1962. The Berne Theatre presented it in two concert performances, conducted by Srboljub Dinić, on 28 May and 18 June 2009. The poster for Bern's Opera House performances of Fervaal It was also performed in concert by the American Symphony Orchestra, led by Leon Botstein on 14 October 2009 at Avery Fisher Hall at Lincoln Center in New York City. Review of Fervaal performance at Avery Fisher Hall 2009 www.operatoday.com Accessed 31 December 2020 The Festival de Montpellier revived the work in 2019 with Michael Spyres as Fervaal, Jean-Sébastien Bou as Arfagard and Gaëlle Arquez as Guilhen, with Michael Schønwandt conducting.Laurent, François. D'Indy, le Retour. Diapason, September 2019, No. 682, p. 68.
Contemporary commentary, such as from Maurice Ravel, described Fervaal as strongly influenced by the operas of Richard Wagner, such as Parsifal. Thus the opera can be described as an epic with Wagnerian allusion. Anya Suschitzky has published a lengthy analysis of the opera in the context of French nationalism and the influence of Wagner on French composers. James Ross James Ross web page www.james-ross.com, Accessed 31 December 2020 has examined Fervaal in the context of French politics of the time, in addition to French nationalism. Manuela Schwartz has discussed in detail the connection between the story of Axel and the opera of Fervaal.
In the context of the religious theme of paganism vs. Christianity in the work, d'Indy uses the old musical theme of "Pange, lingua" as a musical representation of the new religion (Christianity) supplanting the old (paganism).Calvocoressi, M.D. (1 July 1921). "The Dramatic Works of Vincent d'Indy. Fervaal (Continued)". The Musical Times, 62, 941: 466–468.
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!Premiere cast, 12 March 1897 Fervaal premiere cast, Carmen website of La Monnaie], accessed 16 June 2014 Conductor: Philippe Flon | ||
| Fervaal, Celtic chief | tenor | Georges Imbart de la Tour |
| Guilhen, Saracen | mezzo-soprano | Jeanne Raunay |
| Arfagard, Druid | baritone | Henri Seguin |
| Kaïto | contralto | Eugénie Armand |
| Lennsmor, priest | tenor | Paul Isouard |
| Grymping, priest | baritone | Hector Dufranne |
| Shepherd | Julia Milcamps | |
| Messenger | baritone | Cadio |
| Ilbert (Celtic chief) | tenor | Dantu |
| Chennos (Celtic chief) | tenor | Gillon |
| Ferkemnat (Celtic chief) | tenor | Victor Caisso |
| Gwelkingubar (Celtic chief) | bass | Henri Artus Blancard |
| Berddret (Celtic chief) | bass | Delamarre |
| Helwrig (Celtic chief) | bass | Charles Danlée |
| Geywhir (Celtic chief) | bass | Van Acker |
| Buduann (Celtic chief) | bass | Roulet |
| Penwald (Celtic chief) | bass | Verheyden |
| Edwig (Celtic chief) | tenor | Luc Disy |
| Moussah | tenor | Luc Disy |
| Peasants, Saracens, Priests and Priestesses, Bards, Warriors, off-stage voices | ||
In act 1, Arfagard explains to Fervaal the boy's history and upbringing. Fervaal is the son of a Celtic king, from the land of Cravann, and is destined as the last advocate of the old gods (the "Nuées"). He is charged with the mission of saving his homeland from invasion and pillage but must renounce love to fulfill his duty. Upon Guilhen's return, Fervaal returns her love. However, Arfagard calls for Fervaal to leave her and fulfill his mission. After he finally does take leave of Guilhen, she calls forth a mob of her fellow Saracens to revenge her abandonment by invading Cravann.
In act 2, Arfagard and Fervaal have returned to Cravann. They consult the goddess Kaito in the mountains, where she delivers this prophecy:
Arfagard does not understand the meaning of the prophecy. Fervaal understands that the violation refers to his own breaking of the oath renouncing love and that the redemptive death will be his in the end. Arfagard introduces Fervaal to the Cravann chiefs, and they hail him as their new commander, or "Brenn". Fervaal anticipates that he will fail as a leader and thus as his land's saviour, but he feels that he can achieve his redemptive death in battle as a military commander. Fervaal tries to explain this situation to Arfagard, who becomes fearful for his people's future.
In act 3, the Cravann army has lost in battle, and Fervaal remains alive, in spite of seeking death in the conflict. He then asks Arfagard to kill him as a sacrifice to fulfill his duty. However, Guilhen appears, which reawaken's Fervaal's love and causes him to change his mind. Arfagard tries to kill Fervaal, but Fervaal instead cuts down Arfagard. Fervaal takes Guilhen away from the battlefield and they begin to ascend a mountain. Exhausted, Guilhen dies in Fervaal's arms. Fervaal laments the deaths of both Guilhen and Arfagard. He then hears the wordless chorus singing the "Pange, lingua" melody. Fervaal carries the body of Guilhen up the mountain, as he realizes that the reign of the "new God" is forthcoming. As he disappears from the scene, an "ideal sun" begins to shine.
In 2004, BBC Radio 3 broadcast, as part of its "Composer of the Week" program, a specially made recording of act 3 of Fervaal, with David Kempster, baritone; Christine Rice, mezzo-soprano; Stuart Kale, tenor and the BBC National Chorus of Wales and BBC National Orchestra of Wales conducted by Jean-Yves Ossonce; this was not commercially released.
A full production by French radio was recorded on 22 March 1962 and broadcast on 19 October the same year and was issued on the Malibran label (MR771) in 2015, its first commercial release.
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