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The genus Eudyptula from Ancient Greek εὖ ( eû), meaning "well", δύπτης ( dúptes), meaning "diver", and Latin -ula, a diminutive suffix, contains two species of penguin, found in southern Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand (including the Chatham Islands). They are commonly known as the little penguin, little blue penguin, or, in Australia, fairy penguin. In the language of the Māori people of New Zealand, little penguins are known as kororā.
For many years, a white-flippered form of the little penguin found only in North Canterbury, New Zealand was considered either a separate species, Eudyptula albosignata, or just a subspecies, Eudyptula minor albosignata. Analysis of mtDNA revealed that Eudyptula falls instead into two groups: a western one, found along the southern coast of Australia and the Otago region of New Zealand, and another found in the rest of New Zealand. These two groups are now considered full species: Eudyptula novaehollandiae in Australia and Otago, and Little Penguin elsewhere. E. novaehollandiae probably arrived in New Zealand from Australia less than 500 years ago, following the local extinction of E. minor in Otago.
| New Zealand, Chatham Islands |
| Southern Australia, Otago |
| Tangahoe Formation, Taranaki, New Zealand |
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