Erdenet (; , 'precious, valuable') is the third-largest city in Mongolia and the provincial capital of Orkhon Province. Located in the northern Mongolia, it lies in a valley between the Selenga River and Orkhon River rivers about (as the crow flies) northwest of Ulaanbaatar, Darkhan, the capital. The road length between Ulaanbaatar and Erdenet is about . As of the 2018 census, the city had a population of 98,057.
History
Erdenet, one of the youngest settlements in Mongolia, was founded in 1974
[Michael Kohn: Mongolia, p. 142, London (2008)] in an area where large deposits of
copper had been discovered in the 1950s. A single-track railway line with a length of linking Erdenet to the Trans-Mongolian Railway was inaugurated in 1977.
[Werner Elstner: Mongolei, p. 146, Berlin 1993] In the middle of the 1980s, more than 50% of the inhabitants were Russians working as engineers or miners. After the fall of Soviet Communism in 1990, however, most Russians left Erdenet. Today, about 10% of the population is Russian.
Erdenet Mining Corporation
The Erdenet Mining Corporation is a joint Mongolian-Russian venture, and accounts for a majority of Mongolia's
hard currency income. Erdenet mines 22.23 million tons of ore per year, producing 126,700 tons of copper and 1,954 tons of molybdenum.
[Montsame News Agency. Mongolia (2006), Foreign Service Office of Montsame News Agency, , pg. 80] The mine accounts for 13.5% of Mongolia's GDP and 7% of tax revenue.
[Montsame News Agency. Mongolia (2006), Foreign Service Office of Montsame News Agency; , pg. 83] About 8,000 people are employed in the mine.
[Michael Kohn: Mongolia, p. 143, London (2008)]
Transport
Erdenet is linked to Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia, and to the towns of Darkhan and Bulgan by a paved road and is easily accessible by bus several times each day. The distance to the capital where the nearest airport is situated amounts to and travel by car takes about eight hours.
Landmarks
Erdenet is home to several cultural and economic landmarks. The Erdenet Carpet Factory, established in 1981 about east of the city center, processes approximately 2,000 tons of wool annually and employs around 1,100 workers.
[Marion Wisotzki. Mongolei, p.227, Berlin 2010] Cultural institutions include the Mining Museum, located in the Palace of Culture on the central square,
[Michael Kohn: Mongolia, p. 144, London (2008)] and the Museum of Orkhon Province, founded in 1983. The Friendship Monument, erected in 1984, stands on a hill in northeastern Erdenet. Amarbayasgalant Monastery, a major Buddhist site located about northeast of Erdenet, was founded between 1727 and 1737, partially destroyed in 1937, and restored after 1975 with support from
UNESCO.
Population
Administrative divisions
Bayan-Öndör District consists of 26 sub-districts ("bag").
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Bayanbulag (Баянбулаг)
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Bayantsagaan (Баянцагаан)
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Bayan-Ovoot (Баян-Овоот)
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Bulag (Булаг)
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Bürenbüst (Бүрэнбүст)
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Chandmani (Чандмань)
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Chingel (Чингэл)
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Davaat (Даваат)
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Denj (Дэнж)
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Erdene (Эрдэнэ)
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Govil (Говил)
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Ikh Zaluu (Их залуу)
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Khürenbulag (Хүрэнбулаг)
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Malchin (Малчин)
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Naran (Наран)
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Nayramdal (Найрамдал)
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Ouut (Оюут)
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Rashaant (Рашаант)
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Shand (Шанд)
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Sogoot (Согоот)
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Tsagannchuluut (Цагаанчулуут)
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Urtbulag (Уртбулаг)
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Urtyn gol (Уртын гол)
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Uurkhaychin (Уурхайчин)
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Yarguyt (Яргуйт)
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Zest (Зэст)
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Climate
Erdenet has a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification:
BSk). Summers are typically warm and rainy with cool nights, while winters are long, very cold, and dry.
Gallery
File:Fraternity monument Erdenet.jpg|Friendship Monument
File:Erdenet 03.JPG|City Centre
File:Erdenet 04.JPG|Main Street
File:ErdenetCentro.jpg|City Centre
File:ErdenetMercado.jpg|Market in the center
File:ErdenetEstatua.jpg|New Buddha Statue
File:ErdenetBarrio1.jpg|Residential area with LDS Church
File:ErdenetBarrio2.jpg|Typical residential area in the west of Erdenet
File:ErdenetParque.jpg|Amusement park
Notable residents
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Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, former President of Mongolia
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Oleksandr Zelenskyy, mining engineer and father of Volodymyr Zelenskyy
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Volodymyr Zelenskyy, current President of Ukraine
Twin towns – sister cities
Erdenet is twinned with:
Notes
External links
