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Elul (: , Standard , Tiberian ) is the twelfth of the civil year and the sixth month of the religious year in the . It is a month of 29 days. Elul usually occurs in August–September on the Gregorian calendar.


Etymology
The name of the month Elul, like the names of the rest of the Hebrew calendar months, was brought from the Babylonian captivity, and originated from the Akkadian word for "harvest". A similar month name was also used in Akkadian, in the form Elūlu. The month is known as Araḫ Ulūlu "harvest month" in the Babylonian calendar. The only difference is that in the Babylonian calendar, Ulūlu can serve as a , while in the , only can serve as a leap month.It has been argued that one of 's sins was that he added an extra Elul to the calendar, causing the holiday of to fall out in the eighth month instead of the seventh month. See

Eylül is also the name for September in ; this is derived from ʾAylūl, used in and the (see Arabic names of Gregorian months), from , also tracing its origin from the Akkadian word Elūlu. In Hebrew, a popular for Elul is from a verse in the Song of Songs: Ani LeDodi VeDodi Li (Chapter 6, verse 3A).


Customs
In Jewish tradition, the month of Elul is a time of in preparation for the High Holy Days of and . The word "Elul" is similar to the root of the verb "search" in . Jewish sources from the 14th century and on write that the Hebrew word "Elul" can be understood to be an for the phrase "Ani L'dodi V'dodi Li" – "I am my beloved's and my beloved is mine", referring to one's relationship with God. Elul is seen as a time to search one's heart and draw close to God in preparation for the coming Day of Judgement, , and Day of Atonement, . Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi compared, by way of analogy, the month of Elul to a king visiting his peasants in the field before returning to his palace.

During the month of Elul, there are a number of special leading up to the High Holy Days. It is to blow the every morning (except on ) from Elul (the first day of the month) until the day before Rosh Hashanah. The blasts are meant to awaken one's spirits and inspire believers to begin the soul searching which will prepare them for the High Holy Days. As part of this preparation, Elul is the time to begin the sometimes-difficult process of granting and asking for . It is also customary to recite a ( 27) every day from Rosh Hodesh Elul through on (in Tishrei).

Aside from the blowing of the shofar, the other significant ritual practice during Elul is to recite (special penitential ) either every morning before beginning on the Sunday immediately before Rosh Hashanah, or, if starting Sunday would not afford four days of , then the Sunday one week prior ( tradition) or every morning during the entire month of Elul ( tradition). Ashkenazi Jews begin the recitation of selichot with a special service on Saturday night between solar mid-night (not 12:00) and morning light on the first day of Selichot.

Many Jews also visit the of loved ones throughout the month in order to remember and honor those people in our past who inspire us to live more fully in the future.

Another social custom is to begin or end all letters written during the month of Elul with wishes that the recipient have a good year. The standard blessing is "" ("a good writing and sealing of"), meaning that the person should be written and sealed in the Book of Life for a good year. Tradition teaches that on Rosh Hashanah, each person is written down for a good or a poor year, based on their actions in the previous one, and their sincere efforts at atoning for mistakes or harm. On Yom Kippur, that fate is "sealed."


In Jewish history
  • 1 Elul (1313 BCE) – ascends for 3rd set of 40 days
  • 1 Elul (520 BCE) – The Prophet commands that the rebuilding of the continue
  • 2 Elul (1555) – published
  • 3 Elul (1935) – Death of Abraham Isaac Kook
  • 5 Elul the prophet has a prophecy of the destruction of Solomon's Temple
  • 10 Elul (2105 BCE) – dispatches raven
  • 12 Elul (1294) – Birth of
  • 12 Elul (1945) – Rabbi Shlomo Zev Zweigenhaft publicly performs the first on German soil since it was outlawed by the in 1933. Hapardes Rabbinical Monthly Journal Volume 19 Issue 7 October 1945 Page 7 (retrieved July 19, 2020)
  • 13 Elul (1909) – Death of
  • 14 Elul (1983) – Birth of Shlomo Rafuel Ben Moshe Dovid
  • 15 Elul (1964) – birth of Watson de Emmanuel, OBE
  • 17 Elul (2105 BCE) – dispatches dove
  • 18 Elul (1609) – Death of Judah Loew ben Bezalel
  • 18 Elul (1698) – Birth of Baal Shem Tov
  • 18 Elul (1745) – Birth of rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi
  • 23 Elul (2105 BCE) – Dove brings olive Leaf to
  • 23 Elul (1942) – Death of the Grand Rabbi of Aleksander, Yitzchak Menachem Danziger, in
  • 23 Elul (1978) – Vladimir Horowitz Golden Jubilee Concert was broadcast live by from Avery Fisher Hall of New York Philharmonic conducted by
  • 23 Elul (2001) – September 11 attacks
  • 24 Elul (1933) – Death of Israel Meir Kagan
  • 25 Elul (3761 BCE) – The 1st day of the world according to the Genesis creation narrative
  • 25 Elul (335 BCE) – Walls Rebuilt
  • 25 Elul (2nd century CE) – Death of Eleazar ben Simeon, son of Simeon bar Yochai
  • 25 Elul (2016) - Death of
  • 27 Elul (1855 CE) – Death of
  • 28 Elul (1983 CE) – Death of Rabbi
  • 29 Elul (1789 CE) – Birth of Menachem Mendel Schneersohn


See also


External links

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